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  1. @c -*-texinfo-*-
  2. @c The GNU Free Documentation License.
  3. @center Version 1.2, November 2002
  4. @c This file is intended to be included within another document,
  5. @c hence no sectioning command or @node.
  6. @display
  7. Copyright @copyright{} 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  8. 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
  9. Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
  10. of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
  11. @end display
  12. @enumerate 0
  13. @item
  14. PREAMBLE
  15. The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
  16. functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to
  17. assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
  18. with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
  19. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
  20. to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
  21. for modifications made by others.
  22. This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
  23. works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
  24. complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
  25. license designed for free software.
  26. We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
  27. software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
  28. program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
  29. software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
  30. it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
  31. whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
  32. principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
  33. @item
  34. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
  35. This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
  36. contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
  37. distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
  38. world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
  39. work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document'', below,
  40. refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
  41. licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the license if you
  42. copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
  43. under copyright law.
  44. A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
  45. Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
  46. modifications and/or translated into another language.
  47. A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section
  48. of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
  49. publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
  50. subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
  51. directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in
  52. part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
  53. any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
  54. connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
  55. commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
  56. them.
  57. The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
  58. are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
  59. that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
  60. section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
  61. allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
  62. Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
  63. Sections then there are none.
  64. The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
  65. as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
  66. the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
  67. be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
  68. A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
  69. represented in a format whose specification is available to the
  70. general public, that is suitable for revising the document
  71. straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
  72. pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
  73. drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
  74. for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
  75. to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
  76. format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
  77. or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
  78. An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
  79. of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.
  80. Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
  81. @sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input
  82. format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available
  83. @acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML},
  84. PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human modification. Examples
  85. of transparent image formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and
  86. @acronym{JPG}. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
  87. read and edited only by proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or
  88. @acronym{XML} for which the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are
  89. not generally available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML},
  90. PostScript or @acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for
  91. output purposes only.
  92. The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
  93. plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
  94. this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
  95. formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
  96. the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
  97. preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
  98. A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose
  99. title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
  100. text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
  101. specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'',
  102. ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the Title''
  103. of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
  104. section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
  105. The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
  106. states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
  107. Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
  108. License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
  109. implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
  110. no effect on the meaning of this License.
  111. @item
  112. VERBATIM COPYING
  113. You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
  114. commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
  115. copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
  116. to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
  117. conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
  118. technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
  119. copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
  120. compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
  121. number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
  122. You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
  123. you may publicly display copies.
  124. @item
  125. COPYING IN QUANTITY
  126. If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
  127. printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
  128. Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
  129. copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
  130. Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
  131. the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
  132. you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
  133. the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
  134. visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
  135. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
  136. the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
  137. as verbatim copying in other respects.
  138. If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
  139. legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
  140. reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
  141. pages.
  142. If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
  143. more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
  144. copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
  145. a computer-network location from which the general network-using
  146. public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
  147. a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
  148. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
  149. when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
  150. that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
  151. location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
  152. Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
  153. edition to the public.
  154. It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
  155. Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
  156. them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
  157. @item
  158. MODIFICATIONS
  159. You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
  160. the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
  161. the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
  162. Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
  163. and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
  164. of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
  165. @enumerate A
  166. @item
  167. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
  168. from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
  169. (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
  170. of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
  171. if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
  172. @item
  173. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
  174. responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
  175. Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
  176. Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
  177. unless they release you from this requirement.
  178. @item
  179. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
  180. Modified Version, as the publisher.
  181. @item
  182. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
  183. @item
  184. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
  185. adjacent to the other copyright notices.
  186. @item
  187. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
  188. giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
  189. terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
  190. @item
  191. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
  192. and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
  193. @item
  194. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
  195. @item
  196. Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
  197. to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
  198. publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
  199. there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
  200. stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
  201. given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
  202. Version as stated in the previous sentence.
  203. @item
  204. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
  205. public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
  206. the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
  207. it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
  208. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
  209. least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
  210. publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
  211. @item
  212. For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve
  213. the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
  214. substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
  215. dedications given therein.
  216. @item
  217. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
  218. unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
  219. or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
  220. @item
  221. Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section
  222. may not be included in the Modified Version.
  223. @item
  224. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or
  225. to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
  226. @item
  227. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
  228. @end enumerate
  229. If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
  230. appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
  231. copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
  232. of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
  233. list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
  234. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
  235. You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
  236. nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
  237. parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
  238. been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
  239. standard.
  240. You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
  241. passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
  242. of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
  243. Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
  244. through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
  245. includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
  246. by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
  247. you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
  248. permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
  249. The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
  250. give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
  251. imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
  252. @item
  253. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
  254. You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
  255. License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
  256. versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
  257. Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
  258. list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
  259. license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
  260. The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
  261. multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
  262. copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
  263. different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
  264. adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
  265. author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
  266. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
  267. Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
  268. In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
  269. in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
  270. ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
  271. and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all
  272. sections Entitled ``Endorsements.''
  273. @item
  274. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
  275. You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
  276. released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
  277. License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
  278. the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
  279. verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
  280. You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
  281. it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
  282. License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
  283. other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
  284. @item
  285. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
  286. A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
  287. and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
  288. distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
  289. resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
  290. of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
  291. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
  292. apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
  293. derivative works of the Document.
  294. If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
  295. copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
  296. the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
  297. covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
  298. electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
  299. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
  300. aggregate.
  301. @item
  302. TRANSLATION
  303. Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
  304. distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
  305. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
  306. permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
  307. translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
  308. original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
  309. translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
  310. Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
  311. the original English version of this License and the original versions
  312. of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
  313. the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
  314. or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
  315. If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
  316. ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
  317. its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
  318. title.
  319. @item
  320. TERMINATION
  321. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
  322. as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
  323. copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
  324. automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
  325. parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
  326. License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
  327. parties remain in full compliance.
  328. @item
  329. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
  330. The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
  331. of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
  332. versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
  333. differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
  334. @uref{https://www.gnu.org/licenses/}.
  335. Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
  336. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
  337. License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
  338. following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
  339. of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
  340. Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
  341. number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
  342. as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
  343. @end enumerate
  344. @page
  345. @heading ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
  346. To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
  347. the License in the document and put the following copyright and
  348. license notices just after the title page:
  349. @smallexample
  350. @group
  351. Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}.
  352. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
  353. under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
  354. or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
  355. with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
  356. Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
  357. Free Documentation License''.
  358. @end group
  359. @end smallexample
  360. If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
  361. replace the ``with@dots{}Texts.'' line with this:
  362. @smallexample
  363. @group
  364. with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with
  365. the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts
  366. being @var{list}.
  367. @end group
  368. @end smallexample
  369. If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
  370. combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
  371. situation.
  372. If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
  373. recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
  374. free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
  375. to permit their use in free software.
  376. @c Local Variables:
  377. @c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict"
  378. @c End: