tests: fix test databases

The following sequence could lead to this corruption:
  (1) Append new data to bulkdata
  (2) Update interval file positions in SQL
  (3) Flush (2)
  (4) Crash before flushing (1)
  (5) Reload database without running fsck
  (6) Start writing new data to end of bulkdata and introduce new interval

.coveragerc

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 # -*- conf -*-
 
 [run]
-# branch = True
+branch = True
 
 [report]
 exclude_lines =
 	pragma: no cover
 	if 0:
-omit = nilmdb/utils/datetime_tz*,nilmdb/scripts,nilmdb/_version.py
+omit = nilmdb/scripts,nilmdb/_version.py,nilmdb/fsck
+show_missing = True

.gitignore

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ tests/*testdb/
 db/
 
 # Compiled / cythonized files
+README.html
 docs/*.html
 build/
 *.pyc
@@ -15,10 +16,8 @@ nilmdb/server/rbtree.c
 # Setup junk
 dist/
 nilmdb.egg-info/
-
+venv/
-# This gets generated as needed by setup.py
+.eggs/
-MANIFEST.in
-MANIFEST
 
 # Misc
 timeit*out

.pylintrc

@@ -1,250 +0,0 @@
-# -*- conf -*-
-[MASTER]
-
-# Specify a configuration file.
-#rcfile=
-
-# Python code to execute, usually for sys.path manipulation such as
-# pygtk.require().
-#init-hook=
-
-# Profiled execution.
-profile=no
-
-# Add files or directories to the blacklist. They should be base names, not
-# paths.
-ignore=datetime_tz
-
-# Pickle collected data for later comparisons.
-persistent=no
-
-# List of plugins (as comma separated values of python modules names) to load,
-# usually to register additional checkers.
-load-plugins=
-
-
-[MESSAGES CONTROL]
-
-# Enable the message, report, category or checker with the given id(s). You can
-# either give multiple identifier separated by comma (,) or put this option
-# multiple time.
-#enable=
-
-# Disable the message, report, category or checker with the given id(s). You
-# can either give multiple identifier separated by comma (,) or put this option
-# multiple time (only on the command line, not in the configuration file where
-# it should appear only once).
-disable=C0111,R0903,R0201,R0914,R0912,W0142,W0703,W0702
-
-
-[REPORTS]
-
-# Set the output format. Available formats are text, parseable, colorized, msvs
-# (visual studio) and html
-output-format=parseable
-
-# Include message's id in output
-include-ids=yes
-
-# Put messages in a separate file for each module / package specified on the
-# command line instead of printing them on stdout. Reports (if any) will be
-# written in a file name "pylint_global.[txt|html]".
-files-output=no
-
-# Tells whether to display a full report or only the messages
-reports=yes
-
-# Python expression which should return a note less than 10 (10 is the highest
-# note). You have access to the variables errors warning, statement which
-# respectively contain the number of errors / warnings messages and the total
-# number of statements analyzed. This is used by the global evaluation report
-# (RP0004).
-evaluation=10.0 - ((float(5 * error + warning + refactor + convention) / statement) * 10)
-
-# Add a comment according to your evaluation note. This is used by the global
-# evaluation report (RP0004).
-comment=no
-
-
-[SIMILARITIES]
-
-# Minimum lines number of a similarity.
-min-similarity-lines=4
-
-# Ignore comments when computing similarities.
-ignore-comments=yes
-
-# Ignore docstrings when computing similarities.
-ignore-docstrings=yes
-
-
-[TYPECHECK]
-
-# Tells whether missing members accessed in mixin class should be ignored. A
-# mixin class is detected if its name ends with "mixin" (case insensitive).
-ignore-mixin-members=yes
-
-# List of classes names for which member attributes should not be checked
-# (useful for classes with attributes dynamically set).
-ignored-classes=SQLObject
-
-# When zope mode is activated, add a predefined set of Zope acquired attributes
-# to generated-members.
-zope=no
-
-# List of members which are set dynamically and missed by pylint inference
-# system, and so shouldn't trigger E0201 when accessed. Python regular
-# expressions are accepted.
-generated-members=REQUEST,acl_users,aq_parent
-
-
-[FORMAT]
-
-# Maximum number of characters on a single line.
-max-line-length=80
-
-# Maximum number of lines in a module
-max-module-lines=1000
-
-# String used as indentation unit. This is usually " " (4 spaces) or "\t" (1
-# tab).
-indent-string='    '
-
-
-[MISCELLANEOUS]
-
-# List of note tags to take in consideration, separated by a comma.
-notes=FIXME,XXX,TODO
-
-
-[VARIABLES]
-
-# Tells whether we should check for unused import in __init__ files.
-init-import=no
-
-# A regular expression matching the beginning of the name of dummy variables
-# (i.e. not used).
-dummy-variables-rgx=_|dummy
-
-# List of additional names supposed to be defined in builtins. Remember that
-# you should avoid to define new builtins when possible.
-additional-builtins=
-
-
-[BASIC]
-
-# Required attributes for module, separated by a comma
-required-attributes=
-
-# List of builtins function names that should not be used, separated by a comma
-bad-functions=apply,input
-
-# Regular expression which should only match correct module names
-module-rgx=(([a-z_][a-z0-9_]*)|([A-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]+))$
-
-# Regular expression which should only match correct module level names
-const-rgx=(([A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*)|(__.*__)|version)$
-
-# Regular expression which should only match correct class names
-class-rgx=[A-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9]+$
-
-# Regular expression which should only match correct function names
-function-rgx=[a-z_][a-z0-9_]{0,30}$
-
-# Regular expression which should only match correct method names
-method-rgx=[a-z_][a-z0-9_]{0,30}$
-
-# Regular expression which should only match correct instance attribute names
-attr-rgx=[a-z_][a-z0-9_]{0,30}$
-
-# Regular expression which should only match correct argument names
-argument-rgx=[a-z_][a-z0-9_]{0,30}$
-
-# Regular expression which should only match correct variable names
-variable-rgx=[a-z_][a-z0-9_]{0,30}$
-
-# Regular expression which should only match correct list comprehension /
-# generator expression variable names
-inlinevar-rgx=[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*$
-
-# Good variable names which should always be accepted, separated by a comma
-good-names=i,j,k,ex,Run,_
-
-# Bad variable names which should always be refused, separated by a comma
-bad-names=foo,bar,baz,toto,tutu,tata
-
-# Regular expression which should only match functions or classes name which do
-# not require a docstring
-no-docstring-rgx=__.*__
-
-
-[CLASSES]
-
-# List of interface methods to ignore, separated by a comma. This is used for
-# instance to not check methods defines in Zope's Interface base class.
-ignore-iface-methods=isImplementedBy,deferred,extends,names,namesAndDescriptions,queryDescriptionFor,getBases,getDescriptionFor,getDoc,getName,getTaggedValue,getTaggedValueTags,isEqualOrExtendedBy,setTaggedValue,isImplementedByInstancesOf,adaptWith,is_implemented_by
-
-# List of method names used to declare (i.e. assign) instance attributes.
-defining-attr-methods=__init__,__new__,setUp
-
-# List of valid names for the first argument in a class method.
-valid-classmethod-first-arg=cls
-
-
-[DESIGN]
-
-# Maximum number of arguments for function / method
-max-args=5
-
-# Argument names that match this expression will be ignored. Default to name
-# with leading underscore
-ignored-argument-names=_.*
-
-# Maximum number of locals for function / method body
-max-locals=15
-
-# Maximum number of return / yield for function / method body
-max-returns=6
-
-# Maximum number of branch for function / method body
-max-branchs=12
-
-# Maximum number of statements in function / method body
-max-statements=50
-
-# Maximum number of parents for a class (see R0901).
-max-parents=7
-
-# Maximum number of attributes for a class (see R0902).
-max-attributes=7
-
-# Minimum number of public methods for a class (see R0903).
-min-public-methods=2
-
-# Maximum number of public methods for a class (see R0904).
-max-public-methods=20
-
-
-[IMPORTS]
-
-# Deprecated modules which should not be used, separated by a comma
-deprecated-modules=regsub,string,TERMIOS,Bastion,rexec
-
-# Create a graph of every (i.e. internal and external) dependencies in the
-# given file (report RP0402 must not be disabled)
-import-graph=
-
-# Create a graph of external dependencies in the given file (report RP0402 must
-# not be disabled)
-ext-import-graph=
-
-# Create a graph of internal dependencies in the given file (report RP0402 must
-# not be disabled)
-int-import-graph=
-
-
-[EXCEPTIONS]
-
-# Exceptions that will emit a warning when being caught. Defaults to
-# "Exception"
-overgeneral-exceptions=Exception

MANIFEST.in

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Root
+include README.txt
+include setup.cfg
+include setup.py
+include versioneer.py
+include Makefile
+include .coveragerc
+include .pylintrc
+include requirements.txt
+
+# Cython files -- include .pyx source, but not the generated .c files
+# (Downstream systems must have cython installed in order to build)
+recursive-include nilmdb/server *.pyx *.pyxdep *.pxd
+exclude nilmdb/server/interval.c
+exclude nilmdb/server/rbtree.c
+
+# Version
+include nilmdb/_version.py
+
+# Tests
+recursive-include tests *.py
+recursive-include tests/data *
+include tests/test.order
+
+# Docs
+recursive-include docs Makefile *.md
+
+# Extras
+recursive-include extras *

Makefile

@@ -2,45 +2,49 @@
 all: test
 
 version:
-	python setup.py version
+	python3 setup.py version
 
 build:
-	python setup.py build_ext --inplace
+	python3 setup.py build_ext --inplace
 
 dist: sdist
 sdist:
-	python setup.py sdist
+	python3 setup.py sdist
 
 install:
-	python setup.py install
+	python3 setup.py install
 
 develop:
-	python setup.py develop
+	python3 setup.py develop
 
 docs:
 	make -C docs
 
+ctrl: flake
+flake:
+	flake8 nilmdb
 lint:
-	pylint --rcfile=.pylintrc nilmdb
+	pylint3 --rcfile=setup.cfg nilmdb
 
 test:
-ifeq ($(INSIDE_EMACS), t)
+ifneq ($(INSIDE_EMACS),)
 # Use the slightly more flexible script
-	python setup.py build_ext --inplace
+	python3 setup.py build_ext --inplace
-	python tests/runtests.py
+	python3 tests/runtests.py
 else
 # Let setup.py check dependencies, build stuff, and run the test
-	python setup.py nosetests
+	python3 setup.py nosetests
 endif
 
 clean::
-	find . -name '*pyc' | xargs rm -f
+	find . -name '*.pyc' -o -name '__pycache__' -print0 | xargs -0 rm -rf
 	rm -f .coverage
 	rm -rf tests/*testdb*
-	rm -rf nilmdb.egg-info/ build/ nilmdb/server/*.so MANIFEST.in
+	rm -rf nilmdb.egg-info/ build/ nilmdb/server/*.so
 	make -C docs clean
 
 gitclean::
 	git clean -dXf
 
-.PHONY: all version build dist sdist install docs lint test clean gitclean
+.PHONY: all version build dist sdist install docs test
+.PHONY: ctrl lint flake clean gitclean

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# nilmdb: Non-Intrusive Load Monitor Database
+by Jim Paris <jim@jtan.com>
+
+NilmDB requires Python 3.8 or newer.
+
+## Prerequisites:
+
+    # Runtime and build environments
+    sudo apt install python3 python3-dev python3-venv python3-pip
+
+    # Create a new Python virtual environment to isolate deps.
+    python3 -m venv ../venv
+    source ../venv/bin/activate   # run "deactivate" to leave
+
+    # Install all Python dependencies
+    pip3 install -r requirements.txt
+
+## Test:
+
+    python3 setup.py nosetests
+
+## Install:
+
+Install it into the virtual environment
+
+    python3 setup.py install
+
+If you want to instead install it system-wide, you will also need to
+install the requirements system-wide:
+
+    sudo pip3 install -r requirements.txt
+    sudo python3 setup.py install
+
+## Usage:
+
+    nilmdb-server --help
+    nilmdb-fsck --help
+    nilmtool --help
+
+See docs/wsgi.md for info on setting up a WSGI application in Apache.

README.txt

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-nilmdb: Non-Intrusive Load Monitor Database
-by Jim Paris <jim@jtan.com>
-
-Prerequisites:
-
-  # Runtime and build environments
-  sudo apt-get install python2.7 python2.7-dev python-setuptools cython
-
-  # Base NilmDB dependencies
-  sudo apt-get install python-cherrypy3 python-decorator python-simplejson
-  sudo apt-get install python-requests python-dateutil python-tz python-psutil
-
-  # Tools for running tests
-  sudo apt-get install python-nose python-coverage
-
-Test:
-  python setup.py nosetests
-
-Install:
-
-  python setup.py install
-
-Usage:
-
-  nilmdb-server --help
-  nilmtool --help

docs/design.md

@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ Speed
 
 - Next slowdown target is nilmdb.layout.Parser.parse().
     - Rewrote parsers using cython and sscanf
-    - Stats (rev 10831), with _add_interval disabled
+    - Stats (rev 10831), with `_add_interval` disabled
 
         layout.pyx.Parser.parse:128        6303 sec, 262k calls
          layout.pyx.parse:63               13913 sec, 5.1g calls
@@ -186,6 +186,19 @@ IntervalSet speed
     - rbtree and interval converted to cython:
       8.4 μS, total 12 s, 134 MB RAM
 
+- Would like to move Interval itself back to Python so other
+  non-cythonized code like client code can use it more easily.
+  Testing speed with just `test_interval` being tested, with
+  `range(5,22)`, using `/usr/bin/time -v python tests/runtests.py`,
+  times recorded for 2097152:
+    - 52ae397 (Interval in cython):
+	  12.6133 μs each, ratio 0.866533, total 47 sec, 399 MB RAM
+	- 9759dcf (Interval in python):
+	  21.2937 μs each, ratio 1.462870, total 83 sec, 1107 MB RAM
+  That's a huge difference!  Instead, will keep Interval and DBInterval
+  cythonized inside nilmdb, and just have an additional copy in
+  nilmdb.utils for clients to use.
+
 Layouts
 -------
 Current/old design has specific layouts: RawData, PrepData, RawNotchedData.
@@ -328,3 +341,129 @@ Current places where we use lines:
   - Finished.  Just a single insert() that takes any length string and
     does very little processing until it's time to send it to the
 	server.
+
+Timestamps
+----------
+
+Timestamps are currently double-precision floats (64 bit).  Since the
+mantissa is 53-bit, this can only represent about 15-17 significant
+figures, and microsecond Unix timestamps like 1222333444.000111 are
+already 16 significant figures.  Rounding is therefore an issue;
+it's hard to sure that converting from ASCII, then back to ASCII,
+will always give the same result.
+
+Also, if the client provides a floating point value like 1.9999999999,
+we need to be careful that we don't store it as 1.9999999999 but later
+print it as 2.000000, because then round-trips change the data.
+
+Possible solutions:
+
+- When the client provides a floating point value to the server,
+  always round to the 6th decimal digit before verifying & storing.
+  Good for compatibility and simplicity.  But still might have rounding
+  issues, and clients will also need to round when doing their own
+  verification.  Having every piece of code need to know which digit
+  to round at is not ideal.
+
+- Always store int64 timestamps on the server, representing
+  microseconds since epoch.  int64 timestamps are used in all HTTP
+  parameters, in insert/extract ASCII strings, client API, commandline
+  raw timestamps, etc.  Pretty big change.
+
+  This is what we'll go with...
+
+  - Client programs that interpret the timestamps as doubles instead
+    of ints will remain accurate until 2^53 microseconds, or year
+    2255.
+
+  - On insert, maybe it's OK to send floating point microsecond values
+    (1234567890123456.0), just to cope with clients that want to print
+    everything as a double.  Server could try parsing as int64, and if
+    that fails, parse as double and truncate to int64.  However, this
+    wouldn't catch imprecise inputs like "1.23456789012e+15".  But
+    maybe that can just be ignored; it's likely to cause a
+    non-monotonic error at the client.
+
+  - Timestamps like 1234567890.123456 never show up anywhere, except
+    for interfacing to datetime_tz etc.  Command line "raw timestamps"
+    are always printed as int64 values, and a new format
+    "@1234567890123456" is added to the parser for specifying them
+    exactly.
+
+Binary interface
+----------------
+
+The ASCII interface is too slow for high-bandwidth processing, like
+sinefits, prep, etc.  A binary interface was added so that you can
+extract the raw binary out of the bulkdata storage.  This binary is
+a little-endian format, e.g. in C a uint16_6 stream would be:
+
+    #include <endian.h>
+    #include <stdint.h>
+    struct {
+        int64_t timestamp_le;
+        uint16_t data_le[6];
+    } __attribute__((packed));
+
+Remember to byteswap (with e.g. `letoh` in C)!
+
+This interface is used by the new `nilmdb.client.numpyclient.NumpyClient`
+class, which is a subclass of the normal `nilmcb.client.client.Client`
+and has all of the same functions.  It adds three new functions:
+
+- `stream_extract_numpy` to extract data as a Numpy array
+
+- `stream_insert_numpy` to insert data as a Numpy array
+
+- `stream_insert_numpy_context` is the context manager for
+  incrementally inserting data
+
+It is significantly faster!  It is about 20 times faster to decimate a
+stream with `nilm-decimate` when the filter code is using the new
+binary/numpy interface.
+
+
+WSGI interface & chunked requests
+---------------------------------
+
+mod_wsgi requires "WSGIChunkedRequest On" to handle
+"Transfer-encoding: Chunked" requests.  However, `/stream/insert`
+doesn't handle this correctly right now, because:
+
+- The `cherrypy.request.body.read()` call needs to be fixed for chunked requests
+
+- We don't want to just buffer endlessly in the server, and it will
+  require some thought on how to handle data in chunks (what to do about
+  interval endpoints).
+
+It is probably better to just keep the endpoint management on the client
+side, so leave "WSGIChunkedRequest off" for now.
+
+
+Unicode & character encoding
+----------------------------
+
+Stream data is passed back and forth as raw `bytes` objects in most
+places, including the `nilmdb.client` and command-line interfaces.
+This is done partially for performance reasons, and partially to
+support the binary insert/extract options, where character-set encoding
+would not apply.
+
+For the HTTP server, the raw bytes transferred over HTTP are interpreted
+as follows:
+- For `/stream/insert`, the client-provided `Content-Type` is ignored,
+  and the data is read as if it were `application/octet-stream`.
+- For `/stream/extract`, the returned data is `application/octet-stream`.
+- All other endpoints communicate via JSON, which is specified to always
+  be encoded as UTF-8.  This includes:
+    - `/version`
+    - `/dbinfo`
+    - `/stream/list`
+    - `/stream/create`
+    - `/stream/destroy`
+    - `/stream/rename`
+    - `/stream/get_metadata`
+    - `/stream/set_metadata`
+    - `/stream/update_metadata`
+    - `/stream/remove`
+    - `/stream/intervals`

docs/wsgi.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+WSGI Application in Apache
+--------------------------
+
+Install `apache2` and `libapache2-mod-wsgi`
+
+We'll set up the database server at URL `http://myhost.com/nilmdb`.
+The database will be stored in `/home/nilm/db`, and the process will
+run as user `nilm`, group `nilm`.
+
+First, create a WSGI script `/home/nilm/nilmdb.wsgi` containing:
+
+    import nilmdb.server
+    application = nilmdb.server.wsgi_application("/home/nilm/db", "/nilmdb")
+
+The first parameter is the local filesystem path, and the second
+parameter is the path part of the URL.
+
+Then, set up Apache with a configuration like:
+
+    <VirtualHost>
+        WSGIScriptAlias /nilmdb /home/nilm/nilmdb.wsgi
+        WSGIDaemonProcess nilmdb-procgroup threads=32 user=nilm group=nilm
+        <Location /nilmdb>
+            WSGIProcessGroup nilmdb-procgroup
+            WSGIApplicationGroup nilmdb-appgroup
+
+            # Access control example:
+            Order deny,allow
+            Deny from all
+            Allow from 1.2.3.4
+        </Location>
+    </VirtualHost>

extras/fix-oversize-files.py

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import os
+import sys
+import pickle
+import argparse
+import fcntl
+import re
+from nilmdb.client.numpyclient import layout_to_dtype
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+    description = """
+Fix database corruption where binary writes caused too much data to be
+written to the file.  Truncates files to the correct length.  This was
+fixed by b98ff1331a515ad47fd3203615e835b529b039f9.
+""")
+parser.add_argument("path", action="store", help='Database root path')
+parser.add_argument("-y", "--yes", action="store_true", help='Fix them')
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+lock = os.path.join(args.path, "data.lock")
+with open(lock, "w") as f:
+    fcntl.flock(f.fileno(), fcntl.LOCK_EX | fcntl.LOCK_NB)
+
+    fix = {}
+
+    for (path, dirs, files) in os.walk(args.path):
+        if "_format" in files:
+            with open(os.path.join(path, "_format")) as format:
+                fmt = pickle.load(format)
+                rowsize = layout_to_dtype(fmt["layout"]).itemsize
+                maxsize = rowsize * fmt["rows_per_file"]
+                fix[path] = maxsize
+                if maxsize < 128000000: # sanity check
+                    raise Exception("bad maxsize " + str(maxsize))
+
+    for fixpath in fix:
+        for (path, dirs, files) in os.walk(fixpath):
+            for fn in files:
+                if not re.match("^[0-9a-f]{4,}$", fn):
+                    continue
+                fn = os.path.join(path, fn)
+                size = os.path.getsize(fn)
+                maxsize = fix[fixpath]
+                if size > maxsize:
+                    diff = size - maxsize
+                    print(diff, "too big:", fn)
+                    if args.yes:
+                        with open(fn, "a+") as dbfile:
+                            dbfile.truncate(maxsize)

extras/nilmtool-bash-completion.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# To enable bash completion:
+#
+# 1. Ensure python-argcomplete is installed:
+#       pip install argcomplete
+# 2. Source this file:
+#       . nilmtool-bash-completion.sh
+
+_nilmtool_argcomplete() {
+    local IFS=$(printf "\013")
+    COMPREPLY=( $(IFS="$IFS" \
+                  COMP_LINE="$COMP_LINE" \
+	          COMP_WORDBREAKS="$COMP_WORDBREAKS" \
+                  COMP_POINT="$COMP_POINT" \
+                  _ARGCOMPLETE=1 \
+                  "$1" 8>&1 9>&2 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null) )
+    if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then
+        unset COMPREPLY
+    fi
+}
+complete -o nospace -F _nilmtool_argcomplete nilmtool

nilmdb/__init__.py

@@ -1,10 +1,5 @@
 """Main NilmDB import"""
 
-# These aren't imported automatically, because loading the server
+from ._version import get_versions
-# stuff isn't always necessary.
-#from nilmdb.server import NilmDB, Server
-#from nilmdb.client import Client
-
-from nilmdb._version import get_versions
 __version__ = get_versions()['version']
 del get_versions

nilmdb/_version.py

@@ -1,197 +1,520 @@
 
-IN_LONG_VERSION_PY = True
 # This file helps to compute a version number in source trees obtained from
 # git-archive tarball (such as those provided by githubs download-from-tag
-# feature). Distribution tarballs (build by setup.py sdist) and build
+# feature). Distribution tarballs (built by setup.py sdist) and build
 # directories (produced by setup.py build) will contain a much shorter file
 # that just contains the computed version number.
 
 # This file is released into the public domain. Generated by
-# versioneer-0.7+ (https://github.com/warner/python-versioneer)
+# versioneer-0.18 (https://github.com/warner/python-versioneer)
-
-# these strings will be replaced by git during git-archive
-git_refnames = "$Format:%d$"
-git_full = "$Format:%H$"
 
+"""Git implementation of _version.py."""
 
+import errno
+import os
+import re
 import subprocess
 import sys
 
-def run_command(args, cwd=None, verbose=False):
+
-    try:
+def get_keywords():
-        # remember shell=False, so use git.cmd on windows, not just git
+    """Get the keywords needed to look up the version information."""
-        p = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, cwd=cwd)
+    # these strings will be replaced by git during git-archive.
-    except EnvironmentError:
+    # setup.py/versioneer.py will grep for the variable names, so they must
-        e = sys.exc_info()[1]
+    # each be defined on a line of their own. _version.py will just call
+    # get_keywords().
+    git_refnames = "$Format:%d$"
+    git_full = "$Format:%H$"
+    git_date = "$Format:%ci$"
+    keywords = {"refnames": git_refnames, "full": git_full, "date": git_date}
+    return keywords
+
+
+class VersioneerConfig:
+    """Container for Versioneer configuration parameters."""
+
+
+def get_config():
+    """Create, populate and return the VersioneerConfig() object."""
+    # these strings are filled in when 'setup.py versioneer' creates
+    # _version.py
+    cfg = VersioneerConfig()
+    cfg.VCS = "git"
+    cfg.style = "pep440"
+    cfg.tag_prefix = "nilmdb-"
+    cfg.parentdir_prefix = "nilmdb-"
+    cfg.versionfile_source = "nilmdb/_version.py"
+    cfg.verbose = False
+    return cfg
+
+
+class NotThisMethod(Exception):
+    """Exception raised if a method is not valid for the current scenario."""
+
+
+LONG_VERSION_PY = {}
+HANDLERS = {}
+
+
+def register_vcs_handler(vcs, method):  # decorator
+    """Decorator to mark a method as the handler for a particular VCS."""
+    def decorate(f):
+        """Store f in HANDLERS[vcs][method]."""
+        if vcs not in HANDLERS:
+            HANDLERS[vcs] = {}
+        HANDLERS[vcs][method] = f
+        return f
+    return decorate
+
+
+def run_command(commands, args, cwd=None, verbose=False, hide_stderr=False,
+                env=None):
+    """Call the given command(s)."""
+    assert isinstance(commands, list)
+    p = None
+    for c in commands:
+        try:
+            dispcmd = str([c] + args)
+            # remember shell=False, so use git.cmd on windows, not just git
+            p = subprocess.Popen([c] + args, cwd=cwd, env=env,
+                                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                 stderr=(subprocess.PIPE if hide_stderr
+                                         else None))
+            break
+        except EnvironmentError:
+            e = sys.exc_info()[1]
+            if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
+                continue
+            if verbose:
+                print("unable to run %s" % dispcmd)
+                print(e)
+            return None, None
+    else:
         if verbose:
-            print("unable to run %s" % args[0])
+            print("unable to find command, tried %s" % (commands,))
-            print(e)
+        return None, None
-        return None
     stdout = p.communicate()[0].strip()
-    if sys.version >= '3':
+    if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
         stdout = stdout.decode()
     if p.returncode != 0:
         if verbose:
-            print("unable to run %s (error)" % args[0])
+            print("unable to run %s (error)" % dispcmd)
-        return None
+            print("stdout was %s" % stdout)
-    return stdout
+        return None, p.returncode
+    return stdout, p.returncode
 
 
-import sys
+def versions_from_parentdir(parentdir_prefix, root, verbose):
-import re
+    """Try to determine the version from the parent directory name.
-import os.path
 
-def get_expanded_variables(versionfile_source):
+    Source tarballs conventionally unpack into a directory that includes both
+    the project name and a version string. We will also support searching up
+    two directory levels for an appropriately named parent directory
+    """
+    rootdirs = []
+
+    for i in range(3):
+        dirname = os.path.basename(root)
+        if dirname.startswith(parentdir_prefix):
+            return {"version": dirname[len(parentdir_prefix):],
+                    "full-revisionid": None,
+                    "dirty": False, "error": None, "date": None}
+        else:
+            rootdirs.append(root)
+            root = os.path.dirname(root)  # up a level
+
+    if verbose:
+        print("Tried directories %s but none started with prefix %s" %
+              (str(rootdirs), parentdir_prefix))
+    raise NotThisMethod("rootdir doesn't start with parentdir_prefix")
+
+
+@register_vcs_handler("git", "get_keywords")
+def git_get_keywords(versionfile_abs):
+    """Extract version information from the given file."""
     # the code embedded in _version.py can just fetch the value of these
-    # variables. When used from setup.py, we don't want to import
+    # keywords. When used from setup.py, we don't want to import _version.py,
-    # _version.py, so we do it with a regexp instead. This function is not
+    # so we do it with a regexp instead. This function is not used from
-    # used from _version.py.
+    # _version.py.
-    variables = {}
+    keywords = {}
     try:
-        for line in open(versionfile_source,"r").readlines():
+        f = open(versionfile_abs, "r")
+        for line in f.readlines():
             if line.strip().startswith("git_refnames ="):
                 mo = re.search(r'=\s*"(.*)"', line)
                 if mo:
-                    variables["refnames"] = mo.group(1)
+                    keywords["refnames"] = mo.group(1)
             if line.strip().startswith("git_full ="):
                 mo = re.search(r'=\s*"(.*)"', line)
                 if mo:
-                    variables["full"] = mo.group(1)
+                    keywords["full"] = mo.group(1)
+            if line.strip().startswith("git_date ="):
+                mo = re.search(r'=\s*"(.*)"', line)
+                if mo:
+                    keywords["date"] = mo.group(1)
+        f.close()
     except EnvironmentError:
         pass
-    return variables
+    return keywords
 
-def versions_from_expanded_variables(variables, tag_prefix, verbose=False):
+
-    refnames = variables["refnames"].strip()
+@register_vcs_handler("git", "keywords")
+def git_versions_from_keywords(keywords, tag_prefix, verbose):
+    """Get version information from git keywords."""
+    if not keywords:
+        raise NotThisMethod("no keywords at all, weird")
+    date = keywords.get("date")
+    if date is not None:
+        # git-2.2.0 added "%cI", which expands to an ISO-8601 -compliant
+        # datestamp. However we prefer "%ci" (which expands to an "ISO-8601
+        # -like" string, which we must then edit to make compliant), because
+        # it's been around since git-1.5.3, and it's too difficult to
+        # discover which version we're using, or to work around using an
+        # older one.
+        date = date.strip().replace(" ", "T", 1).replace(" ", "", 1)
+    refnames = keywords["refnames"].strip()
     if refnames.startswith("$Format"):
         if verbose:
-            print("variables are unexpanded, not using")
+            print("keywords are unexpanded, not using")
-        return {} # unexpanded, so not in an unpacked git-archive tarball
+        raise NotThisMethod("unexpanded keywords, not a git-archive tarball")
     refs = set([r.strip() for r in refnames.strip("()").split(",")])
-    for ref in list(refs):
+    # starting in git-1.8.3, tags are listed as "tag: foo-1.0" instead of
-        if not re.search(r'\d', ref):
+    # just "foo-1.0". If we see a "tag: " prefix, prefer those.
-            if verbose:
+    TAG = "tag: "
-                print("discarding '%s', no digits" % ref)
+    tags = set([r[len(TAG):] for r in refs if r.startswith(TAG)])
-            refs.discard(ref)
+    if not tags:
-            # Assume all version tags have a digit. git's %d expansion
+        # Either we're using git < 1.8.3, or there really are no tags. We use
-            # behaves like git log --decorate=short and strips out the
+        # a heuristic: assume all version tags have a digit. The old git %d
-            # refs/heads/ and refs/tags/ prefixes that would let us
+        # expansion behaves like git log --decorate=short and strips out the
-            # distinguish between branches and tags. By ignoring refnames
+        # refs/heads/ and refs/tags/ prefixes that would let us distinguish
-            # without digits, we filter out many common branch names like
+        # between branches and tags. By ignoring refnames without digits, we
-            # "release" and "stabilization", as well as "HEAD" and "master".
+        # filter out many common branch names like "release" and
+        # "stabilization", as well as "HEAD" and "master".
+        tags = set([r for r in refs if re.search(r'\d', r)])
+        if verbose:
+            print("discarding '%s', no digits" % ",".join(refs - tags))
     if verbose:
-        print("remaining refs: %s" % ",".join(sorted(refs)))
+        print("likely tags: %s" % ",".join(sorted(tags)))
-    for ref in sorted(refs):
+    for ref in sorted(tags):
         # sorting will prefer e.g. "2.0" over "2.0rc1"
         if ref.startswith(tag_prefix):
             r = ref[len(tag_prefix):]
             if verbose:
                 print("picking %s" % r)
-            return { "version": r,
+            return {"version": r,
-                     "full": variables["full"].strip() }
+                    "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
-    # no suitable tags, so we use the full revision id
+                    "dirty": False, "error": None,
+                    "date": date}
+    # no suitable tags, so version is "0+unknown", but full hex is still there
     if verbose:
-        print("no suitable tags, using full revision id")
+        print("no suitable tags, using unknown + full revision id")
-    return { "version": variables["full"].strip(),
+    return {"version": "0+unknown",
-             "full": variables["full"].strip() }
+            "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
+            "dirty": False, "error": "no suitable tags", "date": None}
 
-def versions_from_vcs(tag_prefix, versionfile_source, verbose=False):
+
-    # this runs 'git' from the root of the source tree. That either means
+@register_vcs_handler("git", "pieces_from_vcs")
-    # someone ran a setup.py command (and this code is in versioneer.py, so
+def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
-    # IN_LONG_VERSION_PY=False, thus the containing directory is the root of
+    """Get version from 'git describe' in the root of the source tree.
-    # the source tree), or someone ran a project-specific entry point (and
+
-    # this code is in _version.py, so IN_LONG_VERSION_PY=True, thus the
+    This only gets called if the git-archive 'subst' keywords were *not*
-    # containing directory is somewhere deeper in the source tree). This only
+    expanded, and _version.py hasn't already been rewritten with a short
-    # gets called if the git-archive 'subst' variables were *not* expanded,
+    version string, meaning we're inside a checked out source tree.
-    # and _version.py hasn't already been rewritten with a short version
+    """
-    # string, meaning we're inside a checked out source tree.
+    GITS = ["git"]
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        GITS = ["git.cmd", "git.exe"]
+
+    out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["rev-parse", "--git-dir"], cwd=root,
+                          hide_stderr=True)
+    if rc != 0:
+        if verbose:
+            print("Directory %s not under git control" % root)
+        raise NotThisMethod("'git rev-parse --git-dir' returned error")
+
+    # if there is a tag matching tag_prefix, this yields TAG-NUM-gHEX[-dirty]
+    # if there isn't one, this yields HEX[-dirty] (no NUM)
+    describe_out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["describe", "--tags", "--dirty",
+                                          "--always", "--long",
+                                          "--match", "%s*" % tag_prefix],
+                                   cwd=root)
+    # --long was added in git-1.5.5
+    if describe_out is None:
+        raise NotThisMethod("'git describe' failed")
+    describe_out = describe_out.strip()
+    full_out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["rev-parse", "HEAD"], cwd=root)
+    if full_out is None:
+        raise NotThisMethod("'git rev-parse' failed")
+    full_out = full_out.strip()
+
+    pieces = {}
+    pieces["long"] = full_out
+    pieces["short"] = full_out[:7]  # maybe improved later
+    pieces["error"] = None
+
+    # parse describe_out. It will be like TAG-NUM-gHEX[-dirty] or HEX[-dirty]
+    # TAG might have hyphens.
+    git_describe = describe_out
+
+    # look for -dirty suffix
+    dirty = git_describe.endswith("-dirty")
+    pieces["dirty"] = dirty
+    if dirty:
+        git_describe = git_describe[:git_describe.rindex("-dirty")]
+
+    # now we have TAG-NUM-gHEX or HEX
+
+    if "-" in git_describe:
+        # TAG-NUM-gHEX
+        mo = re.search(r'^(.+)-(\d+)-g([0-9a-f]+)$', git_describe)
+        if not mo:
+            # unparseable. Maybe git-describe is misbehaving?
+            pieces["error"] = ("unable to parse git-describe output: '%s'"
+                               % describe_out)
+            return pieces
+
+        # tag
+        full_tag = mo.group(1)
+        if not full_tag.startswith(tag_prefix):
+            if verbose:
+                fmt = "tag '%s' doesn't start with prefix '%s'"
+                print(fmt % (full_tag, tag_prefix))
+            pieces["error"] = ("tag '%s' doesn't start with prefix '%s'"
+                               % (full_tag, tag_prefix))
+            return pieces
+        pieces["closest-tag"] = full_tag[len(tag_prefix):]
+
+        # distance: number of commits since tag
+        pieces["distance"] = int(mo.group(2))
+
+        # commit: short hex revision ID
+        pieces["short"] = mo.group(3)
+
+    else:
+        # HEX: no tags
+        pieces["closest-tag"] = None
+        count_out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["rev-list", "HEAD", "--count"],
+                                    cwd=root)
+        pieces["distance"] = int(count_out)  # total number of commits
+
+    # commit date: see ISO-8601 comment in git_versions_from_keywords()
+    date = run_command(GITS, ["show", "-s", "--format=%ci", "HEAD"],
+                       cwd=root)[0].strip()
+    pieces["date"] = date.strip().replace(" ", "T", 1).replace(" ", "", 1)
+
+    return pieces
+
+
+def plus_or_dot(pieces):
+    """Return a + if we don't already have one, else return a ."""
+    if "+" in pieces.get("closest-tag", ""):
+        return "."
+    return "+"
+
+
+def render_pep440(pieces):
+    """Build up version string, with post-release "local version identifier".
+
+    Our goal: TAG[+DISTANCE.gHEX[.dirty]] . Note that if you
+    get a tagged build and then dirty it, you'll get TAG+0.gHEX.dirty
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. git_describe was just HEX. 0+untagged.DISTANCE.gHEX[.dirty]
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += plus_or_dot(pieces)
+            rendered += "%d.g%s" % (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
+            if pieces["dirty"]:
+                rendered += ".dirty"
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0+untagged.%d.g%s" % (pieces["distance"],
+                                          pieces["short"])
+        if pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".dirty"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_pep440_pre(pieces):
+    """TAG[.post.devDISTANCE] -- No -dirty.
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. 0.post.devDISTANCE
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"]:
+            rendered += ".post.dev%d" % pieces["distance"]
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0.post.dev%d" % pieces["distance"]
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_pep440_post(pieces):
+    """TAG[.postDISTANCE[.dev0]+gHEX] .
+
+    The ".dev0" means dirty. Note that .dev0 sorts backwards
+    (a dirty tree will appear "older" than the corresponding clean one),
+    but you shouldn't be releasing software with -dirty anyways.
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. 0.postDISTANCE[.dev0]
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".post%d" % pieces["distance"]
+            if pieces["dirty"]:
+                rendered += ".dev0"
+            rendered += plus_or_dot(pieces)
+            rendered += "g%s" % pieces["short"]
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0.post%d" % pieces["distance"]
+        if pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".dev0"
+        rendered += "+g%s" % pieces["short"]
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_pep440_old(pieces):
+    """TAG[.postDISTANCE[.dev0]] .
+
+    The ".dev0" means dirty.
+
+    Eexceptions:
+    1: no tags. 0.postDISTANCE[.dev0]
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".post%d" % pieces["distance"]
+            if pieces["dirty"]:
+                rendered += ".dev0"
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0.post%d" % pieces["distance"]
+        if pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".dev0"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_git_describe(pieces):
+    """TAG[-DISTANCE-gHEX][-dirty].
+
+    Like 'git describe --tags --dirty --always'.
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. HEX[-dirty]  (note: no 'g' prefix)
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"]:
+            rendered += "-%d-g%s" % (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = pieces["short"]
+    if pieces["dirty"]:
+        rendered += "-dirty"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_git_describe_long(pieces):
+    """TAG-DISTANCE-gHEX[-dirty].
+
+    Like 'git describe --tags --dirty --always -long'.
+    The distance/hash is unconditional.
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. HEX[-dirty]  (note: no 'g' prefix)
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        rendered += "-%d-g%s" % (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = pieces["short"]
+    if pieces["dirty"]:
+        rendered += "-dirty"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render(pieces, style):
+    """Render the given version pieces into the requested style."""
+    if pieces["error"]:
+        return {"version": "unknown",
+                "full-revisionid": pieces.get("long"),
+                "dirty": None,
+                "error": pieces["error"],
+                "date": None}
+
+    if not style or style == "default":
+        style = "pep440"  # the default
+
+    if style == "pep440":
+        rendered = render_pep440(pieces)
+    elif style == "pep440-pre":
+        rendered = render_pep440_pre(pieces)
+    elif style == "pep440-post":
+        rendered = render_pep440_post(pieces)
+    elif style == "pep440-old":
+        rendered = render_pep440_old(pieces)
+    elif style == "git-describe":
+        rendered = render_git_describe(pieces)
+    elif style == "git-describe-long":
+        rendered = render_git_describe_long(pieces)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("unknown style '%s'" % style)
+
+    return {"version": rendered, "full-revisionid": pieces["long"],
+            "dirty": pieces["dirty"], "error": None,
+            "date": pieces.get("date")}
+
+
+def get_versions():
+    """Get version information or return default if unable to do so."""
+    # I am in _version.py, which lives at ROOT/VERSIONFILE_SOURCE. If we have
+    # __file__, we can work backwards from there to the root. Some
+    # py2exe/bbfreeze/non-CPython implementations don't do __file__, in which
+    # case we can only use expanded keywords.
+
+    cfg = get_config()
+    verbose = cfg.verbose
 
     try:
-        here = os.path.abspath(__file__)
+        return git_versions_from_keywords(get_keywords(), cfg.tag_prefix,
-    except NameError:
+                                          verbose)
-        # some py2exe/bbfreeze/non-CPython implementations don't do __file__
+    except NotThisMethod:
-        return {} # not always correct
+        pass
 
-    # versionfile_source is the relative path from the top of the source tree
+    try:
-    # (where the .git directory might live) to this file. Invert this to find
+        root = os.path.realpath(__file__)
-    # the root from __file__.
-    root = here
-    if IN_LONG_VERSION_PY:
-        for i in range(len(versionfile_source.split("/"))):
-            root = os.path.dirname(root)
-    else:
-        root = os.path.dirname(here)
-    if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(root, ".git")):
-        if verbose:
-            print("no .git in %s" % root)
-        return {}
-
-    GIT = "git"
-    if sys.platform == "win32":
-        GIT = "git.cmd"
-    stdout = run_command([GIT, "describe", "--tags", "--dirty", "--always"],
-                         cwd=root)
-    if stdout is None:
-        return {}
-    if not stdout.startswith(tag_prefix):
-        if verbose:
-            print("tag '%s' doesn't start with prefix '%s'" % (stdout, tag_prefix))
-        return {}
-    tag = stdout[len(tag_prefix):]
-    stdout = run_command([GIT, "rev-parse", "HEAD"], cwd=root)
-    if stdout is None:
-        return {}
-    full = stdout.strip()
-    if tag.endswith("-dirty"):
-        full += "-dirty"
-    return {"version": tag, "full": full}
-
-
-def versions_from_parentdir(parentdir_prefix, versionfile_source, verbose=False):
-    if IN_LONG_VERSION_PY:
-        # We're running from _version.py. If it's from a source tree
-        # (execute-in-place), we can work upwards to find the root of the
-        # tree, and then check the parent directory for a version string. If
-        # it's in an installed application, there's no hope.
-        try:
-            here = os.path.abspath(__file__)
-        except NameError:
-            # py2exe/bbfreeze/non-CPython don't have __file__
-            return {} # without __file__, we have no hope
         # versionfile_source is the relative path from the top of the source
-        # tree to _version.py. Invert this to find the root from __file__.
+        # tree (where the .git directory might live) to this file. Invert
-        root = here
+        # this to find the root from __file__.
-        for i in range(len(versionfile_source.split("/"))):
+        for i in cfg.versionfile_source.split('/'):
             root = os.path.dirname(root)
-    else:
+    except NameError:
-        # we're running from versioneer.py, which means we're running from
+        return {"version": "0+unknown", "full-revisionid": None,
-        # the setup.py in a source tree. sys.argv[0] is setup.py in the root.
+                "dirty": None,
-        here = os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0])
+                "error": "unable to find root of source tree",
-        root = os.path.dirname(here)
+                "date": None}
 
-    # Source tarballs conventionally unpack into a directory that includes
+    try:
-    # both the project name and a version string.
+        pieces = git_pieces_from_vcs(cfg.tag_prefix, root, verbose)
-    dirname = os.path.basename(root)
+        return render(pieces, cfg.style)
-    if not dirname.startswith(parentdir_prefix):
+    except NotThisMethod:
-        if verbose:
+        pass
-            print("guessing rootdir is '%s', but '%s' doesn't start with prefix '%s'" %
-                  (root, dirname, parentdir_prefix))
-        return None
-    return {"version": dirname[len(parentdir_prefix):], "full": ""}
 
-tag_prefix = "nilmdb-"
+    try:
-parentdir_prefix = "nilmdb-"
+        if cfg.parentdir_prefix:
-versionfile_source = "nilmdb/_version.py"
+            return versions_from_parentdir(cfg.parentdir_prefix, root, verbose)
-
+    except NotThisMethod:
-def get_versions(default={"version": "unknown", "full": ""}, verbose=False):
+        pass
-    variables = { "refnames": git_refnames, "full": git_full }
-    ver = versions_from_expanded_variables(variables, tag_prefix, verbose)
-    if not ver:
-        ver = versions_from_vcs(tag_prefix, versionfile_source, verbose)
-    if not ver:
-        ver = versions_from_parentdir(parentdir_prefix, versionfile_source,
-                                      verbose)
-    if not ver:
-        ver = default
-    return ver
 
+    return {"version": "0+unknown", "full-revisionid": None,
+            "dirty": None,
+            "error": "unable to compute version", "date": None}

nilmdb/client/client.py

@@ -2,24 +2,24 @@
 
 """Class for performing HTTP client requests via libcurl"""
 
+import json
+import contextlib
+
 import nilmdb.utils
 import nilmdb.client.httpclient
 from nilmdb.client.errors import ClientError
+from nilmdb.utils.time import timestamp_to_string, string_to_timestamp
 
-import time
-import simplejson as json
-import contextlib
-
-from nilmdb.utils.time import float_time_to_string
 
 def extract_timestamp(line):
     """Extract just the timestamp from a line of data text"""
-    return float(line.split()[0])
+    return string_to_timestamp(line.split()[0])
 
-class Client(object):
+
+class Client():
     """Main client interface to the Nilm database."""
 
-    def __init__(self, url, post_json = False):
+    def __init__(self, url, post_json=False):
         """Initialize client with given URL.  If post_json is true,
         POST requests are sent with Content-Type 'application/json'
         instead of the default 'x-www-form-urlencoded'."""
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class Client(object):
         if self.post_json:
             # If we're posting as JSON, we don't need to encode it further here
             return data
-        return json.dumps(data, separators=(',',':'))
+        return json.dumps(data, separators=(',', ':'))
 
     def close(self):
         """Close the connection; safe to call multiple times"""
@@ -57,7 +57,12 @@ class Client(object):
         as a dictionary."""
         return self.http.get("dbinfo")
 
-    def stream_list(self, path = None, layout = None, extended = False):
+    def stream_list(self, path=None, layout=None, extended=False):
+        """Return a sorted list of [path, layout] lists.  If 'path' or
+        'layout' are specified, only return streams that match those
+        exact values.  If 'extended' is True, the returned lists have
+        extended info, e.g.: [path, layout, extent_min, extent_max,
+        total_rows, total_seconds."""
         params = {}
         if path is not None:
             params["path"] = path
@@ -65,10 +70,12 @@ class Client(object):
             params["layout"] = layout
         if extended:
             params["extended"] = 1
-        return self.http.get("stream/list", params)
+        streams = self.http.get("stream/list", params)
+        return nilmdb.utils.sort.sort_human(streams, key=lambda s: s[0])
 
-    def stream_get_metadata(self, path, keys = None):
+    def stream_get_metadata(self, path, keys=None):
-        params = { "path": path }
+        """Get stream metadata"""
+        params = {"path": path}
         if keys is not None:
             params["key"] = keys
         return self.http.get("stream/get_metadata", params)
@@ -79,7 +86,7 @@ class Client(object):
         params = {
             "path": path,
             "data": self._json_post_param(data)
-            }
+        }
         return self.http.post("stream/set_metadata", params)
 
     def stream_update_metadata(self, path, data):
@@ -87,71 +94,106 @@ class Client(object):
         params = {
             "path": path,
             "data": self._json_post_param(data)
-            }
+        }
         return self.http.post("stream/update_metadata", params)
 
     def stream_create(self, path, layout):
         """Create a new stream"""
-        params = { "path": path,
+        params = {
-                   "layout" : layout }
+            "path": path,
+            "layout": layout
+        }
         return self.http.post("stream/create", params)
 
     def stream_destroy(self, path):
-        """Delete stream and its contents"""
+        """Delete stream.  Fails if any data is still present."""
-        params = { "path": path }
+        params = {
+            "path": path
+        }
         return self.http.post("stream/destroy", params)
 
-    def stream_remove(self, path, start = None, end = None):
+    def stream_rename(self, oldpath, newpath):
+        """Rename a stream."""
+        params = {
+            "oldpath": oldpath,
+            "newpath": newpath
+        }
+        return self.http.post("stream/rename", params)
+
+    def stream_remove(self, path, start=None, end=None):
         """Remove data from the specified time range"""
         params = {
             "path": path
         }
         if start is not None:
-            params["start"] = float_time_to_string(start)
+            params["start"] = timestamp_to_string(start)
         if end is not None:
-            params["end"] = float_time_to_string(end)
+            params["end"] = timestamp_to_string(end)
-        return self.http.post("stream/remove", params)
+        total = 0
+        for count in self.http.post_gen("stream/remove", params):
+            total += int(count)
+        return total
 
     @contextlib.contextmanager
-    def stream_insert_context(self, path, start = None, end = None):
+    def stream_insert_context(self, path, start=None, end=None):
         """Return a context manager that allows data to be efficiently
-        inserted into a stream in a piecewise manner.  Data is be provided
+        inserted into a stream in a piecewise manner.  Data is
-        as single lines, and is aggregated and sent to the server in larger
+        provided as ASCII lines, and is aggregated and sent to the
-        chunks as necessary.  Data lines must match the database layout for
+        server in larger or smaller chunks as necessary.  Data lines
-        the given path, and end with a newline.
+        must match the database layout for the given path, and end
+        with a newline.
 
         Example:
           with client.stream_insert_context('/path', start, end) as ctx:
-            ctx.insert('1234567890.0 1 2 3 4\\n')
+            ctx.insert('1234567890000000 1 2 3 4\\n')
-            ctx.insert('1234567891.0 1 2 3 4\\n')
+            ctx.insert('1234567891000000 1 2 3 4\\n')
 
         For more details, see help for nilmdb.client.client.StreamInserter
 
         This may make multiple requests to the server, if the data is
         large enough or enough time has passed between insertions.
         """
-        ctx = StreamInserter(self.http, path, start, end)
+        ctx = StreamInserter(self, path, start, end)
         yield ctx
         ctx.finalize()
+        ctx.destroy()
 
-    def stream_insert(self, path, data, start = None, end = None):
+    def stream_insert(self, path, data, start=None, end=None):
         """Insert rows of data into a stream.  data should be a string
         or iterable that provides ASCII data that matches the database
-        layout for path.  See stream_insert_context for details on the
+        layout for path.  Data is passed through stream_insert_context,
-        'start' and 'end' parameters."""
+        so it will be broken into reasonably-sized chunks and
+        start/end will be deduced if missing."""
         with self.stream_insert_context(path, start, end) as ctx:
-            if isinstance(data, basestring):
+            if isinstance(data, bytes):
                 ctx.insert(data)
             else:
                 for chunk in data:
                     ctx.insert(chunk)
         return ctx.last_response
 
-    def stream_intervals(self, path, start = None, end = None, diffpath = None):
+    def stream_insert_block(self, path, data, start, end, binary=False):
+        """Insert a single fixed block of data into the stream.  It is
+        sent directly to the server in one block with no further
+        processing.
+
+        If 'binary' is True, provide raw binary data in little-endian
+        format matching the path layout, including an int64 timestamp.
+        Otherwise, provide ASCII data matching the layout."""
+        params = {
+            "path": path,
+            "start": timestamp_to_string(start),
+            "end": timestamp_to_string(end),
+        }
+        if binary:
+            params["binary"] = 1
+        return self.http.put("stream/insert", data, params)
+
+    def stream_intervals(self, path, start=None, end=None, diffpath=None):
         """
         Return a generator that yields each stream interval.
 
-        If diffpath is not None, yields only interval ranges that are
+        If 'diffpath' is not None, yields only interval ranges that are
         present in 'path' but not in 'diffpath'.
         """
         params = {
@@ -160,40 +202,54 @@ class Client(object):
         if diffpath is not None:
             params["diffpath"] = diffpath
         if start is not None:
-            params["start"] = float_time_to_string(start)
+            params["start"] = timestamp_to_string(start)
         if end is not None:
-            params["end"] = float_time_to_string(end)
+            params["end"] = timestamp_to_string(end)
         return self.http.get_gen("stream/intervals", params)
 
-    def stream_extract(self, path, start = None, end = None, count = False):
+    def stream_extract(self, path, start=None, end=None,
+                       count=False, markup=False, binary=False):
         """
         Extract data from a stream.  Returns a generator that yields
         lines of ASCII-formatted data that matches the database
         layout for the given path.
 
-        Specify count = True to return a count of matching data points
+        If 'count' is True, return a count of matching data points
         rather than the actual data.  The output format is unchanged.
+
+        If 'markup' is True, include comments in the returned data
+        that indicate interval starts and ends.
+
+        If 'binary' is True, return chunks of raw binary data, rather
+        than lines of ASCII-formatted data.  Raw binary data is
+        little-endian and matches the database types (including an
+        int64 timestamp).
         """
         params = {
             "path": path,
         }
         if start is not None:
-            params["start"] = float_time_to_string(start)
+            params["start"] = timestamp_to_string(start)
         if end is not None:
-            params["end"] = float_time_to_string(end)
+            params["end"] = timestamp_to_string(end)
         if count:
             params["count"] = 1
-        return self.http.get_gen("stream/extract", params)
+        if markup:
+            params["markup"] = 1
+        if binary:
+            params["binary"] = 1
+        return self.http.get_gen("stream/extract", params, binary=binary)
 
-    def stream_count(self, path, start = None, end = None):
+    def stream_count(self, path, start=None, end=None):
         """
         Return the number of rows of data in the stream that satisfy
         the given timestamps.
         """
-        counts = list(self.stream_extract(path, start, end, count = True))
+        counts = list(self.stream_extract(path, start, end, count=True))
         return int(counts[0])
 
-class StreamInserter(object):
+
+class StreamInserter():
     """Object returned by stream_insert_context() that manages
     the insertion of rows of data into a particular path.
 
@@ -232,16 +288,13 @@ class StreamInserter(object):
     _max_data = 2 * 1024 * 1024
     _max_data_after_send = 64 * 1024
 
-    # Delta to add to the final timestamp, if "end" wasn't given
+    def __init__(self, client, path, start, end):
-    _end_epsilon = 1e-6
+        """'client' is the client object.  'path' is the database
-
-    def __init__(self, http, path, start = None, end = None):
-        """'http' is the httpclient object.  'path' is the database
         path to insert to.  'start' and 'end' are used for the first
-        contiguous interval."""
+        contiguous interval and may be None."""
         self.last_response = None
 
-        self._http = http
+        self._client = client
         self._path = path
 
         # Start and end for the overall contiguous interval we're
@@ -254,6 +307,15 @@ class StreamInserter(object):
         self._block_data = []
         self._block_len = 0
 
+        self.destroyed = False
+
+    def destroy(self):
+        """Ensure this object can't be used again without raising
+        an error"""
+        def error(*args, **kwargs):
+            raise Exception("don't reuse this context object")
+        self._send_block = self.insert = self.finalize = self.send = error
+
     def insert(self, data):
         """Insert a chunk of ASCII formatted data in string form.  The
         overall data must consist of lines terminated by '\\n'."""
@@ -275,8 +337,8 @@ class StreamInserter(object):
 
         # Send the block once we have enough data
         if self._block_len >= maxdata:
-            self._send_block(final = False)
+            self._send_block(final=False)
-            if self._block_len >= self._max_data_after_send: # pragma: no cover
+            if self._block_len >= self._max_data_after_send:
                 raise ValueError("too much data left over after trying"
                                  " to send intermediate block; is it"
                                  " missing newlines or malformed?")
@@ -302,7 +364,12 @@ class StreamInserter(object):
 
         If more data is inserted after a finalize(), it will become
         part of a new interval and there may be a gap left in-between."""
-        self._send_block(final = True)
+        self._send_block(final=True)
+
+    def send(self):
+        """Send any data that we might have buffered up.  Does not affect
+        any other treatment of timestamps or endpoints."""
+        self._send_block(final=False)
 
     def _get_first_noncomment(self, block):
         """Return the (start, end) indices of the first full line in
@@ -310,10 +377,10 @@ class StreamInserter(object):
         there isn't one."""
         start = 0
         while True:
-            end = block.find('\n', start)
+            end = block.find(b'\n', start)
             if end < 0:
                 raise IndexError
-            if block[start] != '#':
+            if block[start] != b'#'[0]:
                 return (start, (end + 1))
             start = end + 1
 
@@ -321,22 +388,22 @@ class StreamInserter(object):
         """Return the (start, end) indices of the last full line in
         block[:length] that isn't a comment, or raise IndexError if
         there isn't one."""
-        end = block.rfind('\n')
+        end = block.rfind(b'\n')
         if end <= 0:
             raise IndexError
         while True:
-            start = block.rfind('\n', 0, end)
+            start = block.rfind(b'\n', 0, end)
-            if block[start + 1] != '#':
+            if block[start + 1] != b'#'[0]:
                 return ((start + 1), end)
             if start == -1:
                 raise IndexError
             end = start
 
-    def _send_block(self, final = False):
+    def _send_block(self, final=False):
         """Send data currently in the block.  The data sent will
         consist of full lines only, so some might be left over."""
         # Build the full string to send
-        block = "".join(self._block_data)
+        block = b"".join(self._block_data)
 
         start_ts = self._interval_start
         if start_ts is None:
@@ -345,7 +412,7 @@ class StreamInserter(object):
                 (spos, epos) = self._get_first_noncomment(block)
                 start_ts = extract_timestamp(block[spos:epos])
             except (ValueError, IndexError):
-                pass # no timestamp is OK, if we have no data
+                pass  # no timestamp is OK, if we have no data
 
         if final:
             # For a final block, it must end in a newline, and the
@@ -353,14 +420,14 @@ class StreamInserter(object):
             # or the timestamp of the last line plus epsilon.
             end_ts = self._interval_end
             try:
-                if block[-1] != '\n':
+                if block[-1] != b'\n'[0]:
                     raise ValueError("final block didn't end with a newline")
                 if end_ts is None:
                     (spos, epos) = self._get_last_noncomment(block)
                     end_ts = extract_timestamp(block[spos:epos])
-                    end_ts += self._end_epsilon
+                    end_ts += nilmdb.utils.time.epsilon
             except (ValueError, IndexError):
-                pass # no timestamp is OK, if we have no data
+                pass  # no timestamp is OK, if we have no data
             self._block_data = []
             self._block_len = 0
 
@@ -387,7 +454,7 @@ class StreamInserter(object):
                 # the server complain so that the error is the same
                 # as if we hadn't done this chunking.
                 end_ts = self._interval_end
-            self._block_data = [ block[spos:] ]
+            self._block_data = [block[spos:]]
             self._block_len = (epos - spos)
             block = block[:spos]
 
@@ -395,7 +462,7 @@ class StreamInserter(object):
             self._interval_start = end_ts
 
         # Double check endpoints
-        if start_ts is None or end_ts is None:
+        if (start_ts is None or end_ts is None) or (start_ts == end_ts):
             # If the block has no non-comment lines, it's OK
             try:
                 self._get_first_noncomment(block)
@@ -404,9 +471,7 @@ class StreamInserter(object):
             raise ClientError("have data to send, but no start/end times")
 
         # Send it
-        params = { "path": self._path,
+        self.last_response = self._client.stream_insert_block(
-                   "start": float_time_to_string(start_ts),
+            self._path, block, start_ts, end_ts, binary=False)
-                   "end": float_time_to_string(end_ts) }
-        self.last_response = self._http.put("stream/insert", block, params)
 
         return

nilmdb/client/errors.py

@@ -1,33 +1,41 @@
 """HTTP client errors"""
 
-from nilmdb.utils.printf import *
+from nilmdb.utils.printf import sprintf
+
 
 class Error(Exception):
     """Base exception for both ClientError and ServerError responses"""
     def __init__(self,
-                 status = "Unspecified error",
+                 status="Unspecified error",
-                 message = None,
+                 message=None,
-                 url = None,
+                 url=None,
-                 traceback = None):
+                 traceback=None):
-        Exception.__init__(self, status)
+        super().__init__(status)
         self.status = status     # e.g. "400 Bad Request"
         self.message = message   # textual message from the server
         self.url = url           # URL we were requesting
-        self.traceback = traceback # server traceback, if available
+        self.traceback = traceback  # server traceback, if available
+
     def _format_error(self, show_url):
         s = sprintf("[%s]", self.status)
         if self.message:
             s += sprintf(" %s", self.message)
-        if show_url and self.url: # pragma: no cover
+        if show_url and self.url:
             s += sprintf(" (%s)", self.url)
-        if self.traceback: # pragma: no cover
+        if self.traceback:
             s += sprintf("\nServer traceback:\n%s", self.traceback)
         return s
+
     def __str__(self):
-        return self._format_error(show_url = False)
+        return self._format_error(show_url=False)
-    def __repr__(self): # pragma: no cover
+
-        return self._format_error(show_url = True)
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self._format_error(show_url=True)
+
+
 class ClientError(Error):
     pass
+
+
 class ServerError(Error):
     pass

nilmdb/client/httpclient.py

@@ -1,26 +1,25 @@
 """HTTP client library"""
 
-import nilmdb.utils
+import json
-from nilmdb.client.errors import ClientError, ServerError, Error
+import urllib.parse
-
-import simplejson as json
-import urlparse
 import requests
 
-class HTTPClient(object):
+from nilmdb.client.errors import ClientError, ServerError, Error
+
+
+class HTTPClient():
     """Class to manage and perform HTTP requests from the client"""
-    def __init__(self, baseurl = "", post_json = False):
+    def __init__(self, baseurl="", post_json=False, verify_ssl=True):
         """If baseurl is supplied, all other functions that take
         a URL can be given a relative URL instead."""
         # Verify / clean up URL
-        reparsed = urlparse.urlparse(baseurl).geturl()
+        reparsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(baseurl).geturl()
         if '://' not in reparsed:
-            reparsed = urlparse.urlparse("http://" + baseurl).geturl()
+            reparsed = urllib.parse.urlparse("http://" + baseurl).geturl()
-        self.baseurl = reparsed
+        self.baseurl = reparsed.rstrip('/') + '/'
 
-        # Build Requests session object, enable SSL verification
+        # Note whether we want SSL verification
-        self.session = requests.Session()
+        self.verify_ssl = verify_ssl
-        self.session.verify = True
 
         # Saved response, so that tests can verify a few things.
         self._last_response = {}
@@ -33,44 +32,64 @@ class HTTPClient(object):
         # Default variables for exception.  We use the entire body as
         # the default message, in case we can't extract it from a JSON
         # response.
-        args = { "url" : url,
+        args = {
-                 "status" : str(code),
+            "url": url,
-                 "message" : body,
+            "status": str(code),
-                 "traceback" : None }
+            "message": body,
+            "traceback": None
+        }
         try:
             # Fill with server-provided data if we can
             jsonerror = json.loads(body)
             args["status"] = jsonerror["status"]
             args["message"] = jsonerror["message"]
             args["traceback"] = jsonerror["traceback"]
-        except Exception: # pragma: no cover
+        except Exception:
             pass
-        if code >= 400 and code <= 499:
+        if 400 <= code <= 499:
             raise ClientError(**args)
-        else: # pragma: no cover
+        else:
-            if code >= 500 and code <= 599:
+            if 500 <= code <= 599:
                 if args["message"] is None:
-                    args["message"] = ("(no message; try disabling " +
+                    args["message"] = ("(no message; try disabling "
-                                       "response.stream option in " +
+                                       "response.stream option in "
                                        "nilmdb.server for better debugging)")
                 raise ServerError(**args)
             else:
                 raise Error(**args)
 
     def close(self):
-        self.session.close()
+        pass
 
     def _do_req(self, method, url, query_data, body_data, stream, headers):
-        url = urlparse.urljoin(self.baseurl, url)
+        url = urllib.parse.urljoin(self.baseurl, url)
         try:
-            response = self.session.request(method, url,
+            # Create a new session, ensure we send "Connection: close",
-                                            params = query_data,
+            # and explicitly close connection after the transfer.
-                                            data = body_data,
+            # This is to avoid HTTP/1.1 persistent connections
-                                            stream = stream,
+            # (keepalive), because they have fundamental race
-                                            headers = headers)
+            # conditions when there are delays between requests:
+            # a new request may be sent at the same instant that the
+            # server decides to timeout the connection.
+            session = requests.Session()
+            if headers is None:
+                headers = {}
+            headers["Connection"] = "close"
+            response = session.request(method, url,
+                                       params=query_data,
+                                       data=body_data,
+                                       stream=stream,
+                                       headers=headers,
+                                       verify=self.verify_ssl)
+
+            # Close the connection.  If it's a generator (stream =
+            # True), the requests library shouldn't actually close the
+            # HTTP connection until all data has been read from the
+            # response.
+            session.close()
         except requests.RequestException as e:
-            raise ServerError(status = "502 Error", url = url,
+            raise ServerError(status="502 Error", url=url,
-                              message = str(e.message))
+                              message=str(e))
         if response.status_code != 200:
             self._handle_error(url, response.status_code, response.content)
         self._last_response = response
@@ -81,53 +100,90 @@ class HTTPClient(object):
             return (response, False)
 
     # Normal versions that return data directly
-    def _req(self, method, url, query = None, body = None, headers = None):
+    def _req(self, method, url, query=None, body=None, headers=None):
         """
         Make a request and return the body data as a string or parsed
         JSON object, or raise an error if it contained an error.
         """
         (response, isjson) = self._do_req(method, url, query, body,
-                                          stream = False, headers = headers)
+                                          stream=False, headers=headers)
         if isjson:
             return json.loads(response.content)
-        return response.content
+        return response.text
 
-    def get(self, url, params = None):
+    def get(self, url, params=None):
         """Simple GET (parameters in URL)"""
         return self._req("GET", url, params, None)
 
-    def post(self, url, params = None):
+    def post(self, url, params=None):
         """Simple POST (parameters in body)"""
         if self.post_json:
             return self._req("POST", url, None,
                              json.dumps(params),
-                             { 'Content-type': 'application/json' })
+                             {'Content-type': 'application/json'})
         else:
             return self._req("POST", url, None, params)
 
-    def put(self, url, data, params = None):
+    def put(self, url, data, params=None,
+            content_type="application/octet-stream"):
         """Simple PUT (parameters in URL, data in body)"""
-        return self._req("PUT", url, params, data)
+        h = {'Content-type': content_type}
+        return self._req("PUT", url, query=params, body=data, headers=h)
 
     # Generator versions that return data one line at a time.
-    def _req_gen(self, method, url, query = None, body = None, headers = None):
+    def _req_gen(self, method, url, query=None, body=None,
+                 headers=None, binary=False):
         """
         Make a request and return a generator that gives back strings
         or JSON decoded lines of the body data, or raise an error if
         it contained an eror.
         """
         (response, isjson) = self._do_req(method, url, query, body,
-                                          stream = True, headers = headers)
+                                          stream=True, headers=headers)
-        if isjson:
+
-            for line in response.iter_lines():
+        # Like the iter_lines function in Requests, but only splits on
+        # the specified line ending.
+        def lines(source, ending):
+            pending = None
+            for chunk in source:
+                if pending is not None:
+                    chunk = pending + chunk
+                tmp = chunk.split(ending)
+                lines = tmp[:-1]
+                if chunk.endswith(ending):
+                    pending = None
+                else:
+                    pending = tmp[-1]
+                for line in lines:
+                    yield line
+            if pending is not None:
+                yield pending
+
+        # Yield the chunks or lines as requested
+        if binary:
+            for chunk in response.iter_content(chunk_size=65536):
+                yield chunk
+        elif isjson:
+            for line in lines(response.iter_content(chunk_size=1),
+                              ending=b'\r\n'):
                 yield json.loads(line)
         else:
-            for line in response.iter_lines():
+            for line in lines(response.iter_content(chunk_size=65536),
+                              ending=b'\n'):
                 yield line
 
-    def get_gen(self, url, params = None):
+    def get_gen(self, url, params=None, binary=False):
         """Simple GET (parameters in URL) returning a generator"""
-        return self._req_gen("GET", url, params)
+        return self._req_gen("GET", url, params, binary=binary)
+
+    def post_gen(self, url, params=None):
+        """Simple POST (parameters in body) returning a generator"""
+        if self.post_json:
+            return self._req_gen("POST", url, None,
+                                 json.dumps(params),
+                                 {'Content-type': 'application/json'})
+        else:
+            return self._req_gen("POST", url, None, params)
 
     # Not much use for a POST or PUT generator, since they don't
     # return much data.

nilmdb/client/numpyclient.py

@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+"""Provide a NumpyClient class that is based on normal Client, but has
+additional methods for extracting and inserting data via Numpy arrays."""
+
+import contextlib
+
+import numpy
+
+import nilmdb.utils
+import nilmdb.client.client
+import nilmdb.client.httpclient
+from nilmdb.client.errors import ClientError
+
+
+def layout_to_dtype(layout):
+    ltype = layout.split('_')[0]
+    lcount = int(layout.split('_')[1])
+    if ltype.startswith('int'):
+        atype = '<i' + str(int(ltype[3:]) // 8)
+    elif ltype.startswith('uint'):
+        atype = '<u' + str(int(ltype[4:]) // 8)
+    elif ltype.startswith('float'):
+        atype = '<f' + str(int(ltype[5:]) // 8)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("bad layout")
+    if lcount == 1:
+        dtype = [('timestamp', '<i8'), ('data', atype)]
+    else:
+        dtype = [('timestamp', '<i8'), ('data', atype, lcount)]
+    return numpy.dtype(dtype)
+
+
+class NumpyClient(nilmdb.client.client.Client):
+    """Subclass of nilmdb.client.Client that adds additional methods for
+    extracting and inserting data via Numpy arrays."""
+
+    def _get_dtype(self, path, layout):
+        if layout is None:
+            streams = self.stream_list(path)
+            if len(streams) != 1:
+                raise ClientError("can't get layout for path: " + path)
+            layout = streams[0][1]
+        return layout_to_dtype(layout)
+
+    def stream_extract_numpy(self, path, start=None, end=None,
+                             layout=None, maxrows=100000,
+                             structured=False):
+        """
+        Extract data from a stream.  Returns a generator that yields
+        Numpy arrays of up to 'maxrows' of data each.
+
+        If 'layout' is None, it is read using stream_info.
+
+        If 'structured' is False, all data is converted to float64
+        and returned in a flat 2D array.  Otherwise, data is returned
+        as a structured dtype in a 1D array.
+        """
+        dtype = self._get_dtype(path, layout)
+
+        def to_numpy(data):
+            a = numpy.frombuffer(data, dtype)
+            if structured:
+                return a
+            return numpy.c_[a['timestamp'], a['data']]
+
+        chunks = []
+        total_len = 0
+        maxsize = dtype.itemsize * maxrows
+        for data in self.stream_extract(path, start, end, binary=True):
+            # Add this block of binary data
+            chunks.append(data)
+            total_len += len(data)
+
+            # See if we have enough to make the requested Numpy array
+            while total_len >= maxsize:
+                assembled = b"".join(chunks)
+                total_len -= maxsize
+                chunks = [assembled[maxsize:]]
+                block = assembled[:maxsize]
+                yield to_numpy(block)
+
+        if total_len:
+            yield to_numpy(b"".join(chunks))
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def stream_insert_numpy_context(self, path, start=None, end=None,
+                                    layout=None):
+        """Return a context manager that allows data to be efficiently
+        inserted into a stream in a piecewise manner.  Data is
+        provided as Numpy arrays, and is aggregated and sent to the
+        server in larger or smaller chunks as necessary.  Data format
+        must match the database layout for the given path.
+
+        For more details, see help for
+        nilmdb.client.numpyclient.StreamInserterNumpy
+
+        If 'layout' is not None, use it as the layout rather than
+        querying the database.
+        """
+        dtype = self._get_dtype(path, layout)
+        ctx = StreamInserterNumpy(self, path, start, end, dtype)
+        yield ctx
+        ctx.finalize()
+        ctx.destroy()
+
+    def stream_insert_numpy(self, path, data, start=None, end=None,
+                            layout=None):
+        """Insert data into a stream.  data should be a Numpy array
+        which will be passed through stream_insert_numpy_context to
+        break it into chunks etc.  See the help for that function
+        for details."""
+        with self.stream_insert_numpy_context(path, start, end, layout) as ctx:
+            if isinstance(data, numpy.ndarray):
+                ctx.insert(data)
+            else:
+                for chunk in data:
+                    ctx.insert(chunk)
+        return ctx.last_response
+
+
+class StreamInserterNumpy(nilmdb.client.client.StreamInserter):
+    """Object returned by stream_insert_numpy_context() that manages
+    the insertion of rows of data into a particular path.
+
+    See help for nilmdb.client.client.StreamInserter for details.
+    The only difference is that, instead of ASCII formatted data,
+    this context manager can take Numpy arrays, which are either
+    structured (1D with complex dtype) or flat (2D with simple dtype).
+    """
+
+    # Soft limit of how many bytes to send per HTTP request.
+    _max_data = 2 * 1024 * 1024
+
+    def __init__(self, client, path, start, end, dtype):
+        """
+        'client' is the client object.  'path' is the database path
+        to insert to.  'start' and 'end' are used for the first
+        contiguous interval and may be None.  'dtype' is the Numpy
+        dtype for this stream.
+        """
+        super(StreamInserterNumpy, self).__init__(client, path, start, end)
+        self._dtype = dtype
+
+        # Max rows to send at once
+        self._max_rows = self._max_data // self._dtype.itemsize
+
+        # List of the current arrays we're building up to send
+        self._block_arrays = []
+        self._block_rows = 0
+
+    def insert(self, array):
+        """Insert Numpy data, which must match the layout type."""
+        if not isinstance(array, numpy.ndarray):
+            array = numpy.array(array)
+        if array.ndim == 1:
+            # Already a structured array; just verify the type
+            if array.dtype != self._dtype:
+                raise ValueError("wrong dtype for 1D (structured) array")
+        elif array.ndim == 2:
+            # Convert to structured array
+            sarray = numpy.zeros(array.shape[0], dtype=self._dtype)
+            try:
+                sarray['timestamp'] = array[:, 0]
+                # Need the squeeze in case sarray['data'] is 1 dimensional
+                sarray['data'] = numpy.squeeze(array[:, 1:])
+            except (IndexError, ValueError):
+                raise ValueError("wrong number of fields for this data type")
+            array = sarray
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("wrong number of dimensions in array")
+
+        length = len(array)
+        maxrows = self._max_rows
+
+        if length == 0:
+            return
+        if length > maxrows:
+            # This is more than twice what we wanted to send, so split
+            # it up.  This is a bit inefficient, but the user really
+            # shouldn't be providing this much data at once.
+            for cut in range(0, length, maxrows):
+                self.insert(array[cut:(cut + maxrows)])
+            return
+
+        # Add this array to our list
+        self._block_arrays.append(array)
+        self._block_rows += length
+
+        # Send if it's too long
+        if self._block_rows >= maxrows:
+            self._send_block(final=False)
+
+    def _send_block(self, final=False):
+        """Send the data current stored up.  One row might be left
+        over if we need its timestamp saved."""
+
+        # Build the full array to send
+        if self._block_rows == 0:
+            array = numpy.zeros(0, dtype=self._dtype)
+        else:
+            array = numpy.hstack(self._block_arrays)
+
+        # Get starting timestamp
+        start_ts = self._interval_start
+        if start_ts is None:
+            # Pull start from the first row
+            try:
+                start_ts = array['timestamp'][0]
+            except IndexError:
+                pass  # no timestamp is OK, if we have no data
+
+        # Get ending timestamp
+        if final:
+            # For a final block, the timestamp is either the
+            # user-provided end, or the timestamp of the last line
+            # plus epsilon.
+            end_ts = self._interval_end
+            if end_ts is None:
+                try:
+                    end_ts = array['timestamp'][-1]
+                    end_ts += nilmdb.utils.time.epsilon
+                except IndexError:
+                    pass  # no timestamp is OK, if we have no data
+            self._block_arrays = []
+            self._block_rows = 0
+
+            # Next block is completely fresh
+            self._interval_start = None
+            self._interval_end = None
+        else:
+            # An intermediate block.  We need to save the last row
+            # for the next block, and use its timestamp as the ending
+            # timestamp for this one.
+            if len(array) < 2:
+                # Not enough data to send an intermediate block
+                return
+            end_ts = array['timestamp'][-1]
+            if self._interval_end is not None and end_ts > self._interval_end:
+                # User gave us bad endpoints; send it anyway, and let
+                # the server complain so that the error is the same
+                # as if we hadn't done this chunking.
+                end_ts = self._interval_end
+            self._block_arrays = [array[-1:]]
+            self._block_rows = 1
+            array = array[:-1]
+
+            # Next block continues where this one ended
+            self._interval_start = end_ts
+
+        # If we have no endpoints, or equal endpoints, it's OK as long
+        # as there's no data to send
+        if (start_ts is None or end_ts is None) or (start_ts == end_ts):
+            if not array:
+                return
+            raise ClientError("have data to send, but invalid start/end times")
+
+        # Send it
+        data = array.tostring()
+        self.last_response = self._client.stream_insert_block(
+            self._path, data, start_ts, end_ts, binary=True)
+
+        return

nilmdb/cmdline/cmdline.py

@@ -1,65 +1,127 @@
 """Command line client functionality"""
 
-import nilmdb.client
-
-from nilmdb.utils.printf import *
-from nilmdb.utils import datetime_tz
-import nilmdb.utils.time
-
-import sys
 import os
+import sys
+import signal
 import argparse
 from argparse import ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter as def_form
 
+import nilmdb.client
+from nilmdb.utils.printf import fprintf, sprintf
+import nilmdb.utils.time
+
+import argcomplete
+import datetime_tz
+
 # Valid subcommands.  Defined in separate files just to break
 # things up -- they're still called with Cmdline as self.
-subcommands = [ "help", "info", "create", "list", "metadata",
+subcommands = ["help", "info", "create", "rename", "list", "intervals",
-                "insert", "extract", "remove", "destroy",
+               "metadata", "insert", "extract", "remove", "destroy"]
-                "intervals" ]
 
 # Import the subcommand modules
 subcmd_mods = {}
 for cmd in subcommands:
-    subcmd_mods[cmd] = __import__("nilmdb.cmdline." + cmd, fromlist = [ cmd ])
+    subcmd_mods[cmd] = __import__("nilmdb.cmdline." + cmd, fromlist=[cmd])
+
 
 class JimArgumentParser(argparse.ArgumentParser):
+    def parse_args(self, args=None, namespace=None):
+        # Look for --version anywhere and change it to just "nilmtool
+        # --version".  This makes "nilmtool cmd --version" work, which
+        # is needed by help2man.
+        if "--version" in (args or sys.argv[1:]):
+            args = ["--version"]
+        return argparse.ArgumentParser.parse_args(self, args, namespace)
+
     def error(self, message):
         self.print_usage(sys.stderr)
         self.exit(2, sprintf("error: %s\n", message))
 
-class Cmdline(object):
 
-    def __init__(self, argv = None):
+class Complete():
+    # Completion helpers, for using argcomplete (see
+    # extras/nilmtool-bash-completion.sh)
+    def escape(self, s):
+        quote_chars = ["\\", "\"", "'", " "]
+        for char in quote_chars:
+            s = s.replace(char, "\\" + char)
+        return s
+
+    def none(self, prefix, parsed_args, **kwargs):
+        return []
+    rate = none
+    time = none
+    url = none
+
+    def path(self, prefix, parsed_args, **kwargs):
+        client = nilmdb.client.Client(parsed_args.url)
+        return (self.escape(s[0])
+                for s in client.stream_list()
+                if s[0].startswith(prefix))
+
+    def layout(self, prefix, parsed_args, **kwargs):
+        types = ["int8", "int16", "int32", "int64",
+                 "uint8", "uint16", "uint32", "uint64",
+                 "float32", "float64"]
+        layouts = []
+        for i in range(1, 10):
+            layouts.extend([(t + "_" + str(i)) for t in types])
+        return (lay for lay in layouts if lay.startswith(prefix))
+
+    def meta_key(self, prefix, parsed_args, **kwargs):
+        return (kv.split('=')[0] for kv
+                in self.meta_keyval(prefix, parsed_args, **kwargs))
+
+    def meta_keyval(self, prefix, parsed_args, **kwargs):
+        client = nilmdb.client.Client(parsed_args.url)
+        path = parsed_args.path
+        if not path:
+            return []
+        results = []
+        for (k, v) in client.stream_get_metadata(path).items():
+            kv = self.escape(k + '=' + v)
+            if kv.startswith(prefix):
+                results.append(kv)
+        return results
+
+
+class Cmdline():
+
+    def __init__(self, argv=None):
         self.argv = argv or sys.argv[1:]
         self.client = None
-        self.def_url = os.environ.get("NILMDB_URL", "http://localhost:12380")
+        self.def_url = os.environ.get("NILMDB_URL", "http://localhost/nilmdb/")
         self.subcmd = {}
+        self.complete = Complete()
+        self.complete_output_stream = None  # overridden by test suite
 
     def arg_time(self, toparse):
         """Parse a time string argument"""
         try:
-            return nilmdb.utils.time.parse_time(toparse).totimestamp()
+            return nilmdb.utils.time.parse_time(toparse)
         except ValueError as e:
             raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(sprintf("%s \"%s\"",
                                                      str(e), toparse))
 
+    # Set up the parser
     def parser_setup(self):
-        self.parser = JimArgumentParser(add_help = False,
+        self.parser = JimArgumentParser(add_help=False,
-                                        formatter_class = def_form)
+                                        formatter_class=def_form)
 
         group = self.parser.add_argument_group("General options")
         group.add_argument("-h", "--help", action='help',
                            help='show this help message and exit')
-        group.add_argument("-V", "--version", action="version",
+        group.add_argument("-v", "--version", action="version",
-                           version = nilmdb.__version__)
+                           version=nilmdb.__version__)
 
         group = self.parser.add_argument_group("Server")
         group.add_argument("-u", "--url", action="store",
                            default=self.def_url,
-                           help="NilmDB server URL (default: %(default)s)")
+                           help="NilmDB server URL (default: %(default)s)"
+                           ).completer = self.complete.url
 
         sub = self.parser.add_subparsers(
-            title="Commands", dest="command",
+            title="Commands", dest="command", required=True,
             description="Use 'help command' or 'command --help' for more "
             "details on a particular command.")
 
@@ -74,12 +136,18 @@ class Cmdline(object):
         sys.exit(-1)
 
     def run(self):
+        # Set SIGPIPE to its default handler -- we don't need Python
+        # to catch it for us.
+        signal.signal(signal.SIGPIPE, signal.SIG_DFL)
+
         # Clear cached timezone, so that we can pick up timezone changes
         # while running this from the test suite.
         datetime_tz._localtz = None
 
         # Run parser
         self.parser_setup()
+        argcomplete.autocomplete(self.parser, exit_method=sys.exit,
+                                 output_stream=self.complete_output_stream)
         self.args = self.parser.parse_args(self.argv)
 
         # Run arg verify handler if there is one
@@ -92,7 +160,7 @@ class Cmdline(object):
         # unless the particular command requests that we don't.
         if "no_test_connect" not in self.args:
             try:
-                server_version = self.client.version()
+                self.client.version()
             except nilmdb.client.Error as e:
                 self.die("error connecting to server: %s", str(e))
 

nilmdb/cmdline/create.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-from nilmdb.utils.printf import *
+from argparse import RawDescriptionHelpFormatter as raw_form
+
 import nilmdb.client
 
-from argparse import RawDescriptionHelpFormatter as raw_form
 
 def setup(self, sub):
     cmd = sub.add_parser("create", help="Create a new stream",
-                         formatter_class = raw_form,
+                         formatter_class=raw_form,
                          description="""
 Create a new empty stream at the specified path and with the specified
 layout type.
@@ -19,14 +19,17 @@ Layout types are of the format: type_count
   For example, 'float32_8' means the data for this stream has 8 columns of
   32-bit floating point values.
 """)
-    cmd.set_defaults(handler = cmd_create)
+    cmd.set_defaults(handler=cmd_create)
     group = cmd.add_argument_group("Required arguments")
     group.add_argument("path",
-                       help="Path (in database) of new stream, e.g. /foo/bar")
+                       help="Path (in database) of new stream, e.g. /foo/bar",
+                       ).completer = self.complete.path
     group.add_argument("layout",
-                       help="Layout type for new stream, e.g. float32_8")
+                       help="Layout type for new stream, e.g. float32_8",
+                       ).completer = self.complete.layout
     return cmd
 
+
 def cmd_create(self):
     """Create new stream"""
     try:

nilmdb/cmdline/destroy.py

@@ -1,25 +1,52 @@
-from nilmdb.utils.printf import *
+import fnmatch
-import nilmdb.client
 
 from argparse import ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter as def_form
 
+from nilmdb.utils.printf import printf
+import nilmdb.client
+
+
 def setup(self, sub):
     cmd = sub.add_parser("destroy", help="Delete a stream and all data",
-                         formatter_class = def_form,
+                         formatter_class=def_form,
                          description="""
-                         Destroy the stream at the specified path.  All
+                         Destroy the stream at the specified path.
-                         data and metadata related to the stream is
+                         The stream must be empty.  All metadata
-                         permanently deleted.
+                         related to the stream is permanently deleted.
+
+                         Wildcards and multiple paths are supported.
                          """)
-    cmd.set_defaults(handler = cmd_destroy)
+    cmd.set_defaults(handler=cmd_destroy)
+    group = cmd.add_argument_group("Options")
+    group.add_argument("-R", "--remove", action="store_true",
+                       help="Remove all data before destroying stream")
+    group.add_argument("-q", "--quiet", action="store_true",
+                       help="Don't display names when destroying "
+                       "multiple paths")
     group = cmd.add_argument_group("Required arguments")
-    group.add_argument("path",
+    group.add_argument("path", nargs='+',
-                       help="Path of the stream to delete, e.g. /foo/bar")
+                       help="Path of the stream to delete, e.g. /foo/bar/*",
+                       ).completer = self.complete.path
     return cmd
 
+
 def cmd_destroy(self):
     """Destroy stream"""
-    try:
+    streams = [s[0] for s in self.client.stream_list()]
-        self.client.stream_destroy(self.args.path)
+    paths = []
-    except nilmdb.client.ClientError as e:
+    for path in self.args.path:
-        self.die("error destroying stream: %s", str(e))
+        new = fnmatch.filter(streams, path)
+        if not new:
+            self.die("error: no stream matched path: %s", path)
+        paths.extend(new)
+
+    for path in paths:
+        if not self.args.quiet and len(paths) > 1:
+            printf("Destroying %s\n", path)
+
+        try:
+            if self.args.remove:
+                self.client.stream_remove(path)
+            self.client.stream_destroy(path)
+        except nilmdb.client.ClientError as e:
+            self.die("error destroying stream: %s", str(e))

nilmdb/cmdline/extract.py

@@ -1,41 +1,56 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
+import sys
-from nilmdb.utils.printf import *
+
+from nilmdb.utils.printf import printf
 import nilmdb.client
 
+
 def setup(self, sub):
     cmd = sub.add_parser("extract", help="Extract data",
                          description="""
                          Extract data from a stream.
                          """)
-    cmd.set_defaults(verify = cmd_extract_verify,
+    cmd.set_defaults(verify=cmd_extract_verify,
-                     handler = cmd_extract)
+                     handler=cmd_extract)
 
     group = cmd.add_argument_group("Data selection")
     group.add_argument("path",
-                       help="Path of stream, e.g. /foo/bar")
+                       help="Path of stream, e.g. /foo/bar",
+                       ).completer = self.complete.path
     group.add_argument("-s", "--start", required=True,
                        metavar="TIME", type=self.arg_time,
-                       help="Starting timestamp (free-form, inclusive)")
+                       help="Starting timestamp (free-form, inclusive)",
+                       ).completer = self.complete.time
     group.add_argument("-e", "--end", required=True,
                        metavar="TIME", type=self.arg_time,
-                       help="Ending timestamp (free-form, noninclusive)")
+                       help="Ending timestamp (free-form, noninclusive)",
+                       ).completer = self.complete.time
 
     group = cmd.add_argument_group("Output format")
+    group.add_argument("-B", "--binary", action="store_true",
+                       help="Raw binary output")
     group.add_argument("-b", "--bare", action="store_true",
                        help="Exclude timestamps from output lines")
     group.add_argument("-a", "--annotate", action="store_true",
                        help="Include comments with some information "
                        "about the stream")
+    group.add_argument("-m", "--markup", action="store_true",
+                       help="Include comments with interval starts and ends")
     group.add_argument("-T", "--timestamp-raw", action="store_true",
                        help="Show raw timestamps in annotated information")
     group.add_argument("-c", "--count", action="store_true",
                        help="Just output a count of matched data points")
     return cmd
 
+
 def cmd_extract_verify(self):
-    if self.args.start is not None and self.args.end is not None:
+    if self.args.start > self.args.end:
-        if self.args.start > self.args.end:
+        self.parser.error("start is after end")
-            self.parser.error("start is after end")
+
+    if self.args.binary:
+        if (self.args.bare or self.args.annotate or self.args.markup or
+                self.args.timestamp_raw or self.args.count):
+            self.parser.error("--binary cannot be combined with other options")
+
 
 def cmd_extract(self):
     streams = self.client.stream_list(self.args.path)
@@ -44,9 +59,9 @@ def cmd_extract(self):
     layout = streams[0][1]
 
     if self.args.timestamp_raw:
-        time_string = nilmdb.utils.time.float_time_to_string
+        time_string = nilmdb.utils.time.timestamp_to_string
     else:
-        time_string = nilmdb.utils.time.format_time
+        time_string = nilmdb.utils.time.timestamp_to_human
 
     if self.args.annotate:
         printf("# path: %s\n", self.args.path)
@@ -55,15 +70,23 @@ def cmd_extract(self):
         printf("# end: %s\n", time_string(self.args.end))
 
     printed = False
+    if self.args.binary:
+        printer = sys.stdout.buffer.write
+    else:
+        printer = lambda x: print(x.decode('utf-8'))
+    bare = self.args.bare
+    count = self.args.count
     for dataline in self.client.stream_extract(self.args.path,
                                                self.args.start,
                                                self.args.end,
-                                               self.args.count):
+                                               self.args.count,
-        if self.args.bare and not self.args.count:
+                                               self.args.markup,
+                                               self.args.binary):
+        if bare and not count:
             # Strip timestamp (first element).  Doesn't make sense
             # if we are only returning a count.
-            dataline = ' '.join(dataline.split(' ')[1:])
+            dataline = b' '.join(dataline.split(b' ')[1:])
-        print(dataline)
+        printer(dataline)
         printed = True
     if not printed:
         if self.args.annotate:

nilmdb/cmdline/help.py

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-from nilmdb.utils.printf import *
-
 import argparse
-import sys
+
 
 def setup(self, sub):
     cmd = sub.add_parser("help", help="Show detailed help for a command",
@@ -9,14 +7,15 @@ def setup(self, sub):
                          Show help for a command. 'help command' is
                          the same as 'command --help'.
                          """)
-    cmd.set_defaults(handler = cmd_help)
+    cmd.set_defaults(handler=cmd_help)
-    cmd.set_defaults(no_test_connect = True)
+    cmd.set_defaults(no_test_connect=True)
     cmd.add_argument("command", nargs="?",
                      help="Command to get help about")
     cmd.add_argument("rest", nargs=argparse.REMAINDER,
                      help=argparse.SUPPRESS)
     return cmd
 
+
 def cmd_help(self):
     if self.args.command in self.subcmd:
         self.subcmd[self.args.command].print_help()

nilmdb/cmdline/info.py

@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
+from argparse import ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter as def_form
+
 import nilmdb.client
-from nilmdb.utils.printf import *
+from nilmdb.utils.printf import printf
 from nilmdb.utils import human_size
 
-from argparse import ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter as def_form
 
 def setup(self, sub):
     cmd = sub.add_parser("info", help="Server information",
-                         formatter_class = def_form,
+                         formatter_class=def_form,
                          description="""
                          List information about the server, like
                          version.
                          """)
-    cmd.set_defaults(handler = cmd_info)
+    cmd.set_defaults(handler=cmd_info)
     return cmd
 
+
 def cmd_info(self):
     """Print info about the server"""
     printf("Client version: %s\n", nilmdb.__version__)
@@ -21,5 +23,8 @@ def cmd_info(self):
     printf("Server URL: %s\n", self.client.geturl())
     dbinfo = self.client.dbinfo()
     printf("Server database path: %s\n", dbinfo["path"])
-    printf("Server database size: %s\n", human_size(dbinfo["size"]))
+    for (desc, field) in [("used by NilmDB", "size"),
-    printf("Server database free space: %s\n", human_size(dbinfo["free"]))
+                          ("used by other", "other"),
+                          ("reserved", "reserved"),
+                          ("free", "free")]:
+        printf("Server disk space %s: %s\n", desc, human_size(dbinfo[field]))

nilmdb/cmdline/insert.py

@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
-from nilmdb.utils.printf import *
+import sys
+
+from nilmdb.utils.printf import printf
 import nilmdb.client
 import nilmdb.utils.timestamper as timestamper
 import nilmdb.utils.time
 
-import sys
 
 def setup(self, sub):
     cmd = sub.add_parser("insert", help="Insert data",
                          description="""
                          Insert data into a stream.
                          """)
-    cmd.set_defaults(verify = cmd_insert_verify,
+    cmd.set_defaults(verify=cmd_insert_verify,
-                     handler = cmd_insert)
+                     handler=cmd_insert)
     cmd.add_argument("-q", "--quiet", action='store_true',
                      help='suppress unnecessary messages')
 
@@ -25,7 +26,8 @@ def setup(self, sub):
     group.add_argument("-t", "--timestamp", action="store_true",
                        help="Add timestamps to each line")
     group.add_argument("-r", "--rate", type=float,
-                       help="Data rate, in Hz")
+                       help="Data rate, in Hz",
+                       ).completer = self.complete.rate
 
     group = cmd.add_argument_group("Start time",
                                    description="""
@@ -39,7 +41,8 @@ def setup(self, sub):
     exc = group.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
     exc.add_argument("-s", "--start",
                      metavar="TIME", type=self.arg_time,
-                     help="Starting timestamp (free-form)")
+                     help="Starting timestamp (free-form)",
+                     ).completer = self.complete.time
     exc.add_argument("-f", "--filename", action="store_true",
                      help="Use filename to determine start time")
 
@@ -52,26 +55,31 @@ def setup(self, sub):
                                    timezone.""")
     group.add_argument("-e", "--end",
                        metavar="TIME", type=self.arg_time,
-                       help="Ending timestamp (free-form)")
+                       help="Ending timestamp (free-form)",
+                       ).completer = self.complete.time
 
     group = cmd.add_argument_group("Required parameters")
     group.add_argument("path",
-                       help="Path of stream, e.g. /foo/bar")
+                       help="Path of stream, e.g. /foo/bar",
-    group.add_argument("file", nargs = '?', default='-',
+                       ).completer = self.complete.path
+    group.add_argument("file", nargs='?', default='-',
                        help="File to insert (default: - (stdin))")
     return cmd
 
+
 def cmd_insert_verify(self):
     if self.args.timestamp:
         if not self.args.rate:
             self.die("error: --rate is needed, but was not specified")
         if not self.args.filename and self.args.start is None:
-            self.die("error: need --start or --filename when adding timestamps")
+            self.die("error: need --start or --filename "
+                     "when adding timestamps")
     else:
         if self.args.start is None or self.args.end is None:
             self.die("error: when not adding timestamps, --start and "
                      "--end are required")
 
+
 def cmd_insert(self):
     # Find requested stream
     streams = self.client.stream_list(self.args.path)
@@ -83,7 +91,7 @@ def cmd_insert(self):
     try:
         filename = arg.file
         if filename == '-':
-            infile = sys.stdin
+            infile = sys.stdin.buffer
         else:
             try:
                 infile = open(filename, "rb")
@@ -92,7 +100,7 @@ def cmd_insert(self):
 
         if arg.start is None:
             try:
-                arg.start = nilmdb.utils.time.parse_time(filename).totimestamp()
+                arg.start = nilmdb.utils.time.parse_time(filename)
             except ValueError:
                 self.die("error extracting start time from filename '%s'",
                          filename)
@@ -100,16 +108,16 @@ def cmd_insert(self):
         if arg.timestamp:
             data = timestamper.TimestamperRate(infile, arg.start, arg.rate)
         else:
-            data = iter(lambda: infile.read(1048576), '')
+            data = iter(lambda: infile.read(1048576), b'')
 
         # Print info
         if not arg.quiet:
             printf(" Input file: %s\n", filename)
             printf(" Start time: %s\n",
-                   nilmdb.utils.time.format_time(arg.start))
+                   nilmdb.utils.time.timestamp_to_human(arg.start))
             if arg.end:
                 printf("   End time: %s\n",
-                       nilmdb.utils.time.format_time(arg.end))
+                       nilmdb.utils.time.timestamp_to_human(arg.end))
             if arg.timestamp:
                 printf("Timestamper: %s\n", str(data))
 

nilmdb/cmdline/intervals.py

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-from nilmdb.utils.printf import *
-import nilmdb.utils.time
-
-import fnmatch
-import argparse
 from argparse import ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter as def_form
 
+from nilmdb.utils.printf import printf
+import nilmdb.utils.time
+from nilmdb.utils.interval import Interval
+
+
 def setup(self, sub):
     cmd = sub.add_parser("intervals", help="List intervals",
-                         formatter_class = def_form,
+                         formatter_class=def_form,
                          description="""
                          List intervals in a stream, similar to
                          'list --detail path'.
@@ -16,47 +16,61 @@ def setup(self, sub):
                          interval ranges that are present in 'path'
                          and not present in 'diffpath' are printed.
                          """)
-    cmd.set_defaults(verify = cmd_intervals_verify,
+    cmd.set_defaults(verify=cmd_intervals_verify,
-                     handler = cmd_intervals)
+                     handler=cmd_intervals)
 
     group = cmd.add_argument_group("Stream selection")
     group.add_argument("path", metavar="PATH",
-                       help="List intervals for this path")
+                       help="List intervals for this path",
+                       ).completer = self.complete.path
     group.add_argument("-d", "--diff", metavar="PATH",
-                       help="Subtract intervals from this path")
+                       help="Subtract intervals from this path",
+                       ).completer = self.complete.path
 
     group = cmd.add_argument_group("Interval details")
     group.add_argument("-s", "--start",
                        metavar="TIME", type=self.arg_time,
                        help="Starting timestamp for intervals "
-                       "(free-form, inclusive)")
+                       "(free-form, inclusive)",
+                       ).completer = self.complete.time
     group.add_argument("-e", "--end",
                        metavar="TIME", type=self.arg_time,
                        help="Ending timestamp for intervals "
-                       "(free-form, noninclusive)")
+                       "(free-form, noninclusive)",
+                       ).completer = self.complete.time
 
     group = cmd.add_argument_group("Misc options")
     group.add_argument("-T", "--timestamp-raw", action="store_true",
                        help="Show raw timestamps when printing times")
+    group.add_argument("-o", "--optimize", action="store_true",
+                       help="Optimize (merge adjacent) intervals")
 
     return cmd
 
+
 def cmd_intervals_verify(self):
     if self.args.start is not None and self.args.end is not None:
         if self.args.start >= self.args.end:
             self.parser.error("start must precede end")
 
+
 def cmd_intervals(self):
     """List intervals in a stream"""
     if self.args.timestamp_raw:
-        time_string = nilmdb.utils.time.float_time_to_string
+        time_string = nilmdb.utils.time.timestamp_to_string
     else:
-        time_string = nilmdb.utils.time.format_time
+        time_string = nilmdb.utils.time.timestamp_to_human
 
     try:
-           for (start, end) in self.client.stream_intervals(
+        intervals = (Interval(start, end) for (start, end) in
-               self.args.path, self.args.start, self.args.end, self.args.diff):
+                     self.client.stream_intervals(self.args.path,
-               printf("[ %s -> %s ]\n", time_string(start), time_string(end))
+                                                  self.args.start,
+                                                  self.args.end,
+                                                  self.args.diff))
+        if self.args.optimize:
+            intervals = nilmdb.utils.interval.optimize(intervals)
+        for i in intervals:
+            printf("[ %s -> %s ]\n", time_string(i.start), time_string(i.end))
+
     except nilmdb.client.ClientError as e:
         self.die("error listing intervals: %s", str(e))
-

nilmdb/cmdline/list.py

@@ -1,28 +1,25 @@
-from nilmdb.utils.printf import *
+import fnmatch
+from argparse import ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter as def_form
+
+from nilmdb.utils.printf import printf
 import nilmdb.utils.time
 
-import fnmatch
-import argparse
-from argparse import ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter as def_form
 
 def setup(self, sub):
     cmd = sub.add_parser("list", help="List streams",
-                         formatter_class = def_form,
+                         formatter_class=def_form,
                          description="""
                          List streams available in the database,
-                         optionally filtering by layout or path.  Wildcards
+                         optionally filtering by path.  Wildcards
-                         are accepted.
+                         are accepted; non-matching paths or wildcards
+                         are ignored.
                          """)
-    cmd.set_defaults(verify = cmd_list_verify,
+    cmd.set_defaults(verify=cmd_list_verify,
-                     handler = cmd_list)
+                     handler=cmd_list)
 
     group = cmd.add_argument_group("Stream filtering")
-    group.add_argument("-p", "--path", metavar="PATH", default="*",
+    group.add_argument("path", metavar="PATH", default=["*"], nargs='*',
-                       help="Match only this path (-p can be omitted)")
+                       ).completer = self.complete.path
-    group.add_argument("path_positional", default="*",
-                       nargs="?", help=argparse.SUPPRESS)
-    group.add_argument("-l", "--layout", default="*",
-                       help="Match only this stream layout")
 
     group = cmd.add_argument_group("Interval info")
     group.add_argument("-E", "--ext", action="store_true",
@@ -35,68 +32,74 @@ def setup(self, sub):
     group.add_argument("-s", "--start",
                        metavar="TIME", type=self.arg_time,
                        help="Starting timestamp for intervals "
-                       "(free-form, inclusive)")
+                       "(free-form, inclusive)",
+                       ).completer = self.complete.time
     group.add_argument("-e", "--end",
                        metavar="TIME", type=self.arg_time,
                        help="Ending timestamp for intervals "
-                       "(free-form, noninclusive)")
+                       "(free-form, noninclusive)",
+                       ).completer = self.complete.time
 
     group = cmd.add_argument_group("Misc options")
     group.add_argument("-T", "--timestamp-raw", action="store_true",
                        help="Show raw timestamps when printing times")
+    group.add_argument("-l", "--layout", action="store_true",
+                       help="Show layout type next to path name")
+    group.add_argument("-n", "--no-decim", action="store_true",
+                       help="Skip paths containing \"~decim-\"")
 
     return cmd
 
-def cmd_list_verify(self):
-    # A hidden "path_positional" argument lets the user leave off the
-    # "-p" when specifying the path.  Handle it here.
-    got_opt = self.args.path != "*"
-    got_pos = self.args.path_positional != "*"
-    if got_pos:
-        if got_opt:
-            self.parser.error("too many paths specified")
-        else:
-            self.args.path = self.args.path_positional
 
+def cmd_list_verify(self):
     if self.args.start is not None and self.args.end is not None:
         if self.args.start >= self.args.end:
             self.parser.error("start must precede end")
 
     if self.args.start is not None or self.args.end is not None:
         if not self.args.detail:
-            self.parser.error("--start and --end only make sense with --detail")
+            self.parser.error("--start and --end only make sense "
+                              "with --detail")
+
 
 def cmd_list(self):
     """List available streams"""
-    streams = self.client.stream_list(extended = True)
+    streams = self.client.stream_list(extended=True)
 
     if self.args.timestamp_raw:
-        time_string = nilmdb.utils.time.float_time_to_string
+        time_string = nilmdb.utils.time.timestamp_to_string
     else:
-        time_string = nilmdb.utils.time.format_time
+        time_string = nilmdb.utils.time.timestamp_to_human
 
-    for stream in streams:
+    for argpath in self.args.path:
-        (path, layout, int_min, int_max, rows, seconds) = stream[:6]
+        for stream in streams:
-        if not (fnmatch.fnmatch(path, self.args.path) and
+            (path, layout, int_min, int_max, rows, time) = stream[:6]
-                fnmatch.fnmatch(layout, self.args.layout)):
+            if not fnmatch.fnmatch(path, argpath):
-            continue
+                continue
+            if self.args.no_decim and "~decim-" in path:
+                continue
 
-        printf("%s %s\n", path, layout)
+            if self.args.layout:
-
+                printf("%s %s\n", path, layout)
-        if self.args.ext:
-            if int_min is None or int_max is None:
-                printf("  interval extents: (no data)\n")
             else:
-                printf("  interval extents: %s -> %s\n",
+                printf("%s\n", path)
-                       time_string(int_min), time_string(int_max))
-            printf("        total data: %d rows, %.6f seconds\n",
-                   rows or 0, seconds or 0);
 
-        if self.args.detail:
+            if self.args.ext:
-            printed = False
+                if int_min is None or int_max is None:
-            for (start, end) in self.client.stream_intervals(
+                    printf("  interval extents: (no data)\n")
-                path, self.args.start, self.args.end):
+                else:
-                printf("  [ %s -> %s ]\n", time_string(start), time_string(end))
+                    printf("  interval extents: %s -> %s\n",
-                printed = True
+                           time_string(int_min), time_string(int_max))
-            if not printed:
+                printf("        total data: %d rows, %.6f seconds\n",
-                printf("  (no intervals)\n")
+                       rows or 0,
+                       nilmdb.utils.time.timestamp_to_seconds(time or 0))
+
+            if self.args.detail:
+                printed = False
+                for (start, end) in self.client.stream_intervals(
+                        path, self.args.start, self.args.end):
+                    printf("  [ %s -> %s ]\n",
+                           time_string(start), time_string(end))
+                    printed = True
+                if not printed:
+                    printf("  (no intervals)\n")

nilmdb/cmdline/metadata.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-from nilmdb.utils.printf import *
+from nilmdb.utils.printf import printf
 import nilmdb
 import nilmdb.client
 
+
 def setup(self, sub):
     cmd = sub.add_parser("metadata", help="Get or set stream metadata",
                          description="""
@@ -9,25 +10,34 @@ def setup(self, sub):
                          a stream.
                          """,
                          usage="%(prog)s path [-g [key ...] | "
-                         "-s key=value [...] | -u key=value [...]]")
+                         "-s key=value [...] | -u key=value [...]] | "
-    cmd.set_defaults(handler = cmd_metadata)
+                         "-d [key ...]")
+    cmd.set_defaults(handler=cmd_metadata)
 
     group = cmd.add_argument_group("Required arguments")
     group.add_argument("path",
-                       help="Path of stream, e.g. /foo/bar")
+                       help="Path of stream, e.g. /foo/bar",
+                       ).completer = self.complete.path
 
     group = cmd.add_argument_group("Actions")
     exc = group.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
     exc.add_argument("-g", "--get", nargs="*", metavar="key",
-                     help="Get metadata for specified keys (default all)")
+                     help="Get metadata for specified keys (default all)",
+                     ).completer = self.complete.meta_key
     exc.add_argument("-s", "--set", nargs="+", metavar="key=value",
                      help="Replace all metadata with provided "
-                     "key=value pairs")
+                     "key=value pairs",
+                     ).completer = self.complete.meta_keyval
     exc.add_argument("-u", "--update", nargs="+", metavar="key=value",
                      help="Update metadata using provided "
-                     "key=value pairs")
+                     "key=value pairs",
+                     ).completer = self.complete.meta_keyval
+    exc.add_argument("-d", "--delete", nargs="*", metavar="key",
+                     help="Delete metadata for specified keys (default all)",
+                     ).completer = self.complete.meta_key
     return cmd
 
+
 def cmd_metadata(self):
     """Manipulate metadata"""
     if self.args.set is not None or self.args.update is not None:
@@ -52,15 +62,29 @@ def cmd_metadata(self):
             handler(self.args.path, data)
         except nilmdb.client.ClientError as e:
             self.die("error setting/updating metadata: %s", str(e))
+    elif self.args.delete is not None:
+        # Delete (by setting values to empty strings)
+        keys = None
+        if self.args.delete:
+            keys = list(self.args.delete)
+        try:
+            data = self.client.stream_get_metadata(self.args.path, keys)
+            for key in data:
+                data[key] = ""
+            self.client.stream_update_metadata(self.args.path, data)
+        except nilmdb.client.ClientError as e:
+            self.die("error deleting metadata: %s", str(e))
     else:
         # Get (or unspecified)
-        keys = self.args.get or None
+        keys = None
+        if self.args.get:
+            keys = list(self.args.get)
         try:
             data = self.client.stream_get_metadata(self.args.path, keys)
         except nilmdb.client.ClientError as e:
             self.die("error getting metadata: %s", str(e))
         for key, value in sorted(data.items()):
-            # Omit nonexistant keys
+            # Print nonexistant keys as having empty value
             if value is None:
                 value = ""
             printf("%s=%s\n", key, value)

nilmdb/cmdline/remove.py

@@ -1,37 +1,59 @@
-from nilmdb.utils.printf import *
+import fnmatch
+
+from nilmdb.utils.printf import printf
 import nilmdb.client
 
+
 def setup(self, sub):
     cmd = sub.add_parser("remove", help="Remove data",
                          description="""
                          Remove all data from a specified time range within a
-                         stream.
+                         stream.  If multiple streams or wildcards are
+                         provided, the same time range is removed from all
+                         streams.
                          """)
-    cmd.set_defaults(handler = cmd_remove)
+    cmd.set_defaults(handler=cmd_remove)
 
     group = cmd.add_argument_group("Data selection")
-    group.add_argument("path",
+    group.add_argument("path", nargs='+',
-                       help="Path of stream, e.g. /foo/bar")
+                       help="Path of stream, e.g. /foo/bar/*",
+                       ).completer = self.complete.path
     group.add_argument("-s", "--start", required=True,
                        metavar="TIME", type=self.arg_time,
-                       help="Starting timestamp (free-form, inclusive)")
+                       help="Starting timestamp (free-form, inclusive)",
+                       ).completer = self.complete.time
     group.add_argument("-e", "--end", required=True,
                        metavar="TIME", type=self.arg_time,
-                       help="Ending timestamp (free-form, noninclusive)")
+                       help="Ending timestamp (free-form, noninclusive)",
+                       ).completer = self.complete.time
 
     group = cmd.add_argument_group("Output format")
+    group.add_argument("-q", "--quiet", action="store_true",
+                       help="Don't display names when removing "
+                       "from multiple paths")
     group.add_argument("-c", "--count", action="store_true",
                        help="Output number of data points removed")
     return cmd
 
+
 def cmd_remove(self):
+    streams = [s[0] for s in self.client.stream_list()]
+    paths = []
+    for path in self.args.path:
+        new = fnmatch.filter(streams, path)
+        if not new:
+            self.die("error: no stream matched path: %s", path)
+        paths.extend(new)
+
     try:
-        count = self.client.stream_remove(self.args.path,
+        for path in paths:
-                                          self.args.start, self.args.end)
+            if not self.args.quiet and len(paths) > 1:
+                printf("Removing from %s\n", path)
+            count = self.client.stream_remove(path,
+                                              self.args.start, self.args.end)
+            if self.args.count:
+                printf("%d\n", count)
     except nilmdb.client.ClientError as e:
         self.die("error removing data: %s", str(e))
 
-    if self.args.count:
-        printf("%d\n", count)
-
     return 0

nilmdb/cmdline/rename.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+from argparse import ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter as def_form
+
+import nilmdb.client
+
+
+def setup(self, sub):
+    cmd = sub.add_parser("rename", help="Rename a stream",
+                         formatter_class=def_form,
+                         description="""
+                         Rename a stream.
+
+                         Only the stream's path is renamed; no
+                         metadata is changed.
+                         """)
+    cmd.set_defaults(handler=cmd_rename)
+    group = cmd.add_argument_group("Required arguments")
+    group.add_argument("oldpath",
+                       help="Old path, e.g. /foo/old",
+                       ).completer = self.complete.path
+    group.add_argument("newpath",
+                       help="New path, e.g. /foo/bar/new",
+                       ).completer = self.complete.path
+
+    return cmd
+
+
+def cmd_rename(self):
+    """Rename a stream"""
+    try:
+        self.client.stream_rename(self.args.oldpath, self.args.newpath)
+    except nilmdb.client.ClientError as e:
+        self.die("error renaming stream: %s", str(e))

nilmdb/fsck/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+"""nilmdb.fsck"""
+
+from nilmdb.fsck.fsck import Fsck

nilmdb/fsck/fsck.py

@@ -0,0 +1,610 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+"""Check database consistency, with some ability to fix problems.
+This should be able to fix cases where a database gets corrupted due
+to unexpected system shutdown, and detect other cases that may cause
+NilmDB to return errors when trying to manipulate the database."""
+
+import nilmdb.utils
+import nilmdb.server
+import nilmdb.client.numpyclient
+from nilmdb.utils.interval import IntervalError
+from nilmdb.server.interval import Interval, IntervalSet
+from nilmdb.utils.printf import printf, fprintf, sprintf
+
+from collections import defaultdict
+import sqlite3
+import os
+import sys
+import progressbar
+import re
+import shutil
+import pickle
+import numpy
+
+
+class FsckError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, msg="", *args):
+        if args:
+            msg = sprintf(msg, *args)
+        Exception.__init__(self, msg)
+
+
+class FixableFsckError(FsckError):
+    def __init__(self, msg=""):
+        FsckError.__init__(self, f'{msg}\nThis may be fixable with "--fix".')
+
+
+class RetryFsck(FsckError):
+    pass
+
+
+class FsckFormatError(FsckError):
+    pass
+
+
+def log(format, *args):
+    printf(format, *args)
+
+
+def err(format, *args):
+    fprintf(sys.stderr, format, *args)
+
+
+# Decorator that retries a function if it returns a specific value
+def retry_if_raised(exc, message=None, max_retries=1000):
+    def f1(func):
+        def f2(*args, **kwargs):
+            for n in range(max_retries):
+                try:
+                    return func(*args, **kwargs)
+                except exc:
+                    if message:
+                        log(f"{message} ({n+1})\n\n")
+            raise Exception("Max number of retries (%d) exceeded; giving up" %
+                            max_retries)
+        return f2
+    return f1
+
+
+class Progress(object):
+    def __init__(self, maxval):
+        if maxval == 0:
+            maxval = 1
+        self.bar = progressbar.ProgressBar(
+            maxval=maxval,
+            widgets=[progressbar.Percentage(), ' ',
+                     progressbar.Bar(), ' ',
+                     progressbar.ETA()])
+        self.bar.term_width = self.bar.term_width or 75
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self.bar.start()
+        self.last_update = 0
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
+        if exc_type is None:
+            self.bar.finish()
+        else:
+            printf("\n")
+
+    def update(self, val):
+        self.bar.update(val)
+
+
+class Fsck(object):
+    def __init__(self, path, fix=False):
+        self.basepath = path
+        self.sqlpath = os.path.join(path, "data.sql")
+        self.bulkpath = os.path.join(path, "data")
+        self.bulklock = os.path.join(path, "data.lock")
+        self.fix = fix
+
+    ### Main checks
+
+    @retry_if_raised(RetryFsck, "Something was fixed: restarting fsck")
+    def check(self, skip_data=False):
+        self.bulk = None
+        self.sql = None
+        try:
+            self.check_paths()
+            self.check_sql()
+            self.check_streams()
+            self.check_intervals()
+            if skip_data:
+                log("skipped data check\n")
+            else:
+                self.check_data()
+        finally:
+            if self.bulk:
+                self.bulk.close()
+            if self.sql:  # pragma: no cover
+                # (coverage doesn't handle finally clauses correctly;
+                # both branches here are tested)
+                self.sql.commit()
+                self.sql.close()
+        log("ok\n")
+
+    ### Check basic path structure
+
+    def check_paths(self):
+        log("checking paths\n")
+        if self.bulk:
+            self.bulk.close()
+        if not os.path.isfile(self.sqlpath):
+            raise FsckError("SQL database missing (%s)", self.sqlpath)
+        if not os.path.isdir(self.bulkpath):
+            raise FsckError("Bulk data directory missing (%s)", self.bulkpath)
+        with open(self.bulklock, "w") as lockfile:
+            if not nilmdb.utils.lock.exclusive_lock(lockfile):
+                raise FsckError('Database already locked by another process\n'
+                                'Make sure all other processes that might be '
+                                'using the database are stopped.\n'
+                                'Restarting apache will cause it to unlock '
+                                'the db until a request is received.')
+            # unlocked immediately
+        self.bulk = nilmdb.server.bulkdata.BulkData(self.basepath)
+
+    ### Check SQL database health
+
+    def check_sql(self):
+        log("checking sqlite database\n")
+
+        self.sql = sqlite3.connect(self.sqlpath)
+        with self.sql:
+            cur = self.sql.cursor()
+            ver = cur.execute("PRAGMA user_version").fetchone()[0]
+            good = max(nilmdb.server.nilmdb._sql_schema_updates.keys())
+            if ver != good:
+                raise FsckError("database version %d too old, should be %d",
+                                ver, good)
+            self.stream_path = {}
+            self.stream_layout = {}
+            log("  loading paths\n")
+            result = cur.execute("SELECT id, path, layout FROM streams")
+            for r in result:
+                if r[0] in self.stream_path:
+                    raise FsckError("duplicated ID %d in stream IDs", r[0])
+                self.stream_path[r[0]] = r[1]
+                self.stream_layout[r[0]] = r[2]
+
+            log("  loading intervals\n")
+            self.stream_interval = defaultdict(list)
+            result = cur.execute("SELECT stream_id, start_time, end_time, "
+                                 "start_pos, end_pos FROM ranges "
+                                 "ORDER BY start_time")
+            for r in result:
+                if r[0] not in self.stream_path:
+                    raise FsckError("interval ID %d not in streams", r[0])
+                self.stream_interval[r[0]].append((r[1], r[2], r[3], r[4]))
+
+            log("  loading metadata\n")
+            self.stream_meta = defaultdict(dict)
+            result = cur.execute("SELECT stream_id, key, value FROM metadata")
+            for r in result:
+                if r[0] not in self.stream_path:
+                    raise FsckError("metadata ID %d not in streams", r[0])
+                if r[1] in self.stream_meta[r[0]]:
+                    raise FsckError(
+                        "duplicate metadata key '%s' for stream %d",
+                        r[1], r[0])
+                self.stream_meta[r[0]][r[1]] = r[2]
+
+    ### Check streams and basic interval overlap
+
+    def check_streams(self):
+        ids = list(self.stream_path.keys())
+        log("checking %s streams\n", "{:,d}".format(len(ids)))
+        with Progress(len(ids)) as pbar:
+            for i, sid in enumerate(ids):
+                pbar.update(i)
+                path = self.stream_path[sid]
+
+                # unique path, valid layout
+                if list(self.stream_path.values()).count(path) != 1:
+                    raise FsckError("duplicated path %s", path)
+                layout = self.stream_layout[sid].split('_')[0]
+                if layout not in ('int8', 'int16', 'int32', 'int64',
+                                  'uint8', 'uint16', 'uint32', 'uint64',
+                                  'float32', 'float64'):
+                    raise FsckError("bad layout %s for %s", layout, path)
+                count = int(self.stream_layout[sid].split('_')[1])
+                if count < 1 or count > 1024:
+                    raise FsckError("bad count %d for %s", count, path)
+
+                # must exist in bulkdata
+                bulk = self.bulkpath + path
+                bulk = bulk.encode('utf-8')
+                if not os.path.isdir(bulk):
+                    raise FsckError("%s: missing bulkdata dir", path)
+                if not nilmdb.server.bulkdata.Table.exists(bulk):
+                    raise FsckError("%s: bad bulkdata table", path)
+
+                # intervals don't overlap.  Abuse IntervalSet to check
+                # for intervals in file positions, too.
+                timeiset = IntervalSet()
+                posiset = IntervalSet()
+                for (stime, etime, spos, epos) in self.stream_interval[sid]:
+                    new = Interval(stime, etime)
+                    try:
+                        timeiset += new
+                    except IntervalError:
+                        raise FsckError("%s: overlap in intervals:\n"
+                                        "set: %s\nnew: %s",
+                                        path, str(timeiset), str(new))
+                    if spos != epos:
+                        new = Interval(spos, epos)
+                        try:
+                            posiset += new
+                        except IntervalError:
+                            self.fix_row_overlap(sid, path, posiset, new)
+
+                try:
+                    # Check bulkdata
+                    self.check_bulkdata(sid, path, bulk)
+
+                    # Check that we can open bulkdata
+                    tab = nilmdb.server.bulkdata.Table(bulk)
+                except FsckFormatError:
+                    # If there are no files except _format, try deleting
+                    # the entire stream; this may remove metadata, but
+                    # it's probably unimportant.
+                    files = list(os.listdir(bulk))
+                    if len(files) > 1:
+                        raise FsckFormatError(f"{path}: can't load _format, "
+                                              f"but data is also present")
+
+                    # Since the stream was empty, just remove it
+                    self.fix_remove_stream(sid, path, bulk,
+                                           "empty, with corrupted format file")
+                except FsckError as e:
+                    raise e
+                except Exception as e:  # pragma: no cover
+                    # No coverage because this is an unknown/unexpected error
+                    raise FsckError("%s: can't open bulkdata: %s",
+                                    path, str(e))
+                tab.close()
+
+    def fix_row_overlap(self, sid, path, existing, new):
+        # If the file rows (spos, epos) overlap in the interval table,
+        # and the overlapping ranges look like this:
+        #    A --------- C
+        #           B -------- D
+        # Then we can try changing the first interval to go from
+        # A to B instead.
+        msg = (f"{path}: overlap in file offsets:\n"
+               f"existing ranges: {existing}\n"
+               f"overlapping interval: {new}")
+        if not self.fix:
+            raise FixableFsckError(msg)
+        err(f"\n{msg}\nSeeing if we can truncate one of them...\n")
+
+        # See if there'e exactly one interval that overlaps the
+        # conflicting one in the right way
+        match = None
+        for intv in self.stream_interval[sid]:
+            (stime, etime, spos, epos) = intv
+            if spos < new.start and epos > new.start:
+                if match:
+                    err(f"no, more than one interval matched:\n"
+                        f"{intv}\n{match}\n")
+                    raise FsckError(f"{path}: unfixable overlap")
+                match = intv
+        if match is None:
+            err("no intervals overlapped in the right way\n")
+            raise FsckError(f"{path}: unfixable overlap")
+
+        # Truncate the file position
+        err(f"truncating {match}\n")
+        with self.sql:
+            cur = self.sql.cursor()
+            cur.execute("UPDATE ranges SET end_pos=? "
+                        "WHERE stream_id=? AND start_time=? AND "
+                        "end_time=? AND start_pos=? AND end_pos=?",
+                        (new.start, sid, *match))
+            if cur.rowcount != 1:  # pragma: no cover (shouldn't fail)
+                raise FsckError("failed to fix SQL database")
+        raise RetryFsck
+
+    ### Check that bulkdata is good enough to be opened
+
+    @retry_if_raised(RetryFsck)
+    def check_bulkdata(self, sid, path, bulk):
+        try:
+            with open(os.path.join(bulk, b"_format"), "rb") as f:
+                fmt = pickle.load(f)
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise FsckFormatError(f"{path}: can't load _format file ({e})")
+
+        if fmt["version"] != 3:
+            raise FsckFormatError("%s: bad or unsupported bulkdata version %d",
+                                  path, fmt["version"])
+        rows_per_file = int(fmt["rows_per_file"])
+        if rows_per_file < 1:
+            raise FsckFormatError(f"{path}: bad rows_per_file {rows_per_file}")
+        files_per_dir = int(fmt["files_per_dir"])
+        if files_per_dir < 1:
+            raise FsckFormatError(f"{path}: bad files_per_dir {files_per_dir}")
+        layout = fmt["layout"]
+        if layout != self.stream_layout[sid]:
+            raise FsckFormatError("%s: layout mismatch %s != %s", path,
+                                  layout, self.stream_layout[sid])
+
+        # Every file should have a size that's the multiple of the row size
+        rkt = nilmdb.server.rocket.Rocket(layout, None)
+        row_size = rkt.binary_size
+        rkt.close()
+
+        # Find all directories
+        regex = re.compile(b"^[0-9a-f]{4,}$")
+        subdirs = sorted(filter(regex.search, os.listdir(bulk)),
+                         key=lambda x: int(x, 16), reverse=True)
+        for subdir in subdirs:
+            # Find all files in that dir
+            subpath = os.path.join(bulk, subdir)
+            files = list(filter(regex.search, os.listdir(subpath)))
+            if not files:
+                self.fix_empty_subdir(subpath)
+
+            # Verify that their size is a multiple of the row size
+            for filename in files:
+                filepath = os.path.join(subpath, filename)
+                offset = os.path.getsize(filepath)
+                if offset % row_size:
+                    self.fix_bad_filesize(path, filepath, offset, row_size)
+
+    def fix_empty_subdir(self, subpath):
+        msg = sprintf("bulkdata path %s is missing data files", subpath)
+        if not self.fix:
+            raise FixableFsckError(msg)
+        # Try to fix it by just deleting whatever is present,
+        # as long as it's only ".removed" files.
+        err("\n%s\n", msg)
+        for fn in os.listdir(subpath):
+            if not fn.endswith(b".removed"):
+                raise FsckError("can't fix automatically: please manually "
+                                "remove the file '%s' and try again",
+                                os.path.join(subpath, fn).decode(
+                                    'utf-8', errors='backslashreplace'))
+        # Remove the whole thing
+        err("Removing empty subpath\n")
+        shutil.rmtree(subpath)
+        raise RetryFsck
+
+    def fix_bad_filesize(self, path, filepath, offset, row_size):
+        extra = offset % row_size
+        msg = sprintf("%s: size of file %s (%d) is not a multiple" +
+                      " of row size (%d): %d extra bytes present",
+                      path, filepath, offset, row_size, extra)
+        if not self.fix:
+            raise FixableFsckError(msg)
+        # Try to fix it by just truncating the file
+        err("\n%s\n", msg)
+        newsize = offset - extra
+        err("Truncating file to %d bytes and retrying\n", newsize)
+        with open(filepath, "r+b") as f:
+            f.truncate(newsize)
+            raise RetryFsck
+
+    def fix_remove_stream(self, sid, path, bulk, reason):
+        msg = f"stream {path} is corrupted: {reason}"
+        if not self.fix:
+            raise FixableFsckError(msg)
+        # Remove the stream from disk and the database
+        err(f"\n{msg}\n")
+        err(f"Removing stream {path} from disk and database\n")
+        shutil.rmtree(bulk)
+        with self.sql:
+            cur = self.sql.cursor()
+            cur.execute("DELETE FROM streams WHERE id=?",
+                        (sid,))
+            if cur.rowcount != 1:  # pragma: no cover (shouldn't fail)
+                raise FsckError("failed to remove stream")
+            cur.execute("DELETE FROM ranges WHERE stream_id=?", (sid,))
+            cur.execute("DELETE FROM metadata WHERE stream_id=?", (sid,))
+        raise RetryFsck
+
+    ### Check interval endpoints
+
+    def check_intervals(self):
+        total_ints = sum(len(x) for x in list(self.stream_interval.values()))
+        log("checking %s intervals\n", "{:,d}".format(total_ints))
+        done = 0
+        with Progress(total_ints) as pbar:
+            for sid in self.stream_interval:
+                try:
+                    bulk = self.bulkpath + self.stream_path[sid]
+                    bulk = bulk.encode('utf-8')
+                    tab = nilmdb.server.bulkdata.Table(bulk)
+
+                    def update(x):
+                        pbar.update(done + x)
+
+                    ints = self.stream_interval[sid]
+                    done += self.check_table_intervals(sid, ints, tab, update)
+                finally:
+                    tab.close()
+
+    def check_table_intervals(self, sid, ints, tab, update):
+        # look in the table to make sure we can pick out the interval's
+        # endpoints
+        path = self.stream_path[sid]  # noqa: F841 unused
+        tab.file_open.cache_remove_all()
+        for (i, intv) in enumerate(ints):
+            update(i)
+            (stime, etime, spos, epos) = intv
+            if spos == epos and spos >= 0 and spos <= tab.nrows:
+                continue
+            try:
+                srow = tab[spos]    # noqa: F841 unused
+                erow = tab[epos-1]  # noqa: F841 unused
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.fix_bad_interval(sid, intv, tab, str(e))
+
+        return len(ints)
+
+    def fix_bad_interval(self, sid, intv, tab, msg):
+        path = self.stream_path[sid]
+        msg = sprintf("%s: interval %s error accessing rows: %s",
+                      path, str(intv), str(msg))
+        if not self.fix:
+            raise FixableFsckError(msg)
+        err("\n%s\n", msg)
+
+        (stime, etime, spos, epos) = intv
+        # If it's just that the end pos is more than the number of rows
+        # in the table, lower end pos and truncate interval time too.
+        if spos < tab.nrows and epos >= tab.nrows:
+            err("end position is past endrows, but it can be truncated\n")
+            err("old end: time %d, pos %d\n", etime, epos)
+            new_epos = tab.nrows
+            new_etime = tab[new_epos-1] + 1
+            err("new end: time %d, pos %d\n", new_etime, new_epos)
+            if stime < new_etime:
+                # Change it in SQL
+                with self.sql:
+                    cur = self.sql.cursor()
+                    cur.execute("UPDATE ranges SET end_time=?, end_pos=? "
+                                "WHERE stream_id=? AND start_time=? AND "
+                                "end_time=? AND start_pos=? AND end_pos=?",
+                                (new_etime, new_epos, sid, stime, etime,
+                                 spos, epos))
+                    if cur.rowcount != 1:  # pragma: no cover (shouldn't fail)
+                        raise FsckError("failed to fix SQL database")
+                raise RetryFsck
+            err("actually it can't be truncated; times are bad too\n")
+
+        # Otherwise, the only hope is to delete the interval entirely.
+        err("*** Deleting the entire interval from SQL.\n")
+        err("This may leave stale data on disk.  To fix that, copy all "
+            "data from this stream to a new stream using nilm-copy, then\n")
+        err("remove all data from and destroy %s.\n", path)
+        with self.sql:
+            cur = self.sql.cursor()
+            cur.execute("DELETE FROM ranges WHERE "
+                        "stream_id=? AND start_time=? AND "
+                        "end_time=? AND start_pos=? AND end_pos=?",
+                        (sid, stime, etime, spos, epos))
+            if cur.rowcount != 1:  # pragma: no cover (shouldn't fail)
+                raise FsckError("failed to remove interval")
+        raise RetryFsck
+
+    ### Check data in each interval
+
+    def check_data(self):
+        total_rows = sum(sum((y[3] - y[2]) for y in x)
+                         for x in list(self.stream_interval.values()))
+        log("checking %s rows of data\n", "{:,d}".format(total_rows))
+        done = 0
+        with Progress(total_rows) as pbar:
+            for sid in self.stream_interval:
+                try:
+                    bulk = self.bulkpath + self.stream_path[sid]
+                    bulk = bulk.encode('utf-8')
+                    tab = nilmdb.server.bulkdata.Table(bulk)
+
+                    def update(x):
+                        pbar.update(done + x)
+
+                    ints = self.stream_interval[sid]
+                    done += self.check_table_data(sid, ints, tab, update)
+                finally:
+                    tab.close()
+
+    def check_table_data(self, sid, ints, tab, update):
+        # Pull out all of the interval's data and verify that it's
+        # monotonic.
+        maxrows = getattr(self, 'maxrows_override', 100000)
+        path = self.stream_path[sid]
+        layout = self.stream_layout[sid]
+        dtype = nilmdb.client.numpyclient.layout_to_dtype(layout)
+        tab.file_open.cache_remove_all()
+        done = 0
+        for intv in ints:
+            last_ts = None
+            (stime, etime, spos, epos) = intv
+
+            # Break interval into maxrows-sized chunks
+            next_start = spos
+            while next_start < epos:
+                start = next_start
+                stop = min(start + maxrows, epos)
+                count = stop - start
+                next_start = stop
+
+                # Get raw data, convert to NumPy arary
+                try:
+                    raw = tab.get_data(start, stop, binary=True)
+                    data = numpy.frombuffer(raw, dtype)
+                except Exception as e:  # pragma: no cover
+                    # No coverage because it's hard to trigger this -- earlier
+                    # checks check the ranges, so this would probably be a real
+                    # disk error, malloc failure, etc.
+                    raise FsckError(
+                        "%s: failed to grab rows %d through %d: %s",
+                        path, start, stop, repr(e))
+
+                ts = data['timestamp']
+
+                # Verify that all timestamps are in range.
+                match = (ts < stime) | (ts >= etime)
+                if match.any():
+                    row = numpy.argmax(match)
+                    if ts[row] != 0:
+                        raise FsckError("%s: data timestamp %d at row %d "
+                                        "outside interval range [%d,%d)",
+                                        path, ts[row], row + start,
+                                        stime, etime)
+
+                    # Timestamp is zero and out of the expected range;
+                    # assume file ends with zeroed data and just truncate it.
+                    self.fix_table_by_truncating(
+                        path, tab, row + start,
+                        "data timestamp is out of range, and zero")
+
+                # Verify that timestamps are monotonic
+                match = numpy.diff(ts) <= 0
+                if match.any():
+                    row = numpy.argmax(match)
+                    if ts[row+1] != 0:
+                        raise FsckError(
+                            "%s: non-monotonic timestamp (%d -> %d) "
+                            "at row %d", path, ts[row], ts[row+1],
+                            row + start)
+
+                    # Timestamp is zero and non-monotonic;
+                    # assume file ends with zeroed data and just truncate it.
+                    self.fix_table_by_truncating(
+                        path, tab, row + start + 1,
+                        "data timestamp is non-monotonic, and zero")
+
+                first_ts = ts[0]
+                if last_ts is not None and first_ts <= last_ts:
+                    raise FsckError("%s: first interval timestamp %d is not "
+                                    "greater than the previous last interval "
+                                    "timestamp %d, at row %d",
+                                    path, first_ts, last_ts, start)
+                last_ts = ts[-1]
+
+                # The previous errors are fixable, by removing the
+                # offending intervals, or changing the data
+                # timestamps.  But these are probably unlikely errors,
+                # so it's not worth implementing that yet.
+
+                # Done
+                done += count
+                update(done)
+        return done
+
+    def fix_table_by_truncating(self, path, tab, row, reason):
+        # Simple fix for bad data: truncate the table at the given row.
+        # On retry, fix_bad_interval will correct the database and timestamps
+        # to account for this truncation.
+        msg = f"{path}: bad data in table, starting at row {row}: {reason}"
+        if not self.fix:
+            raise FixableFsckError(msg)
+        err(f"\n{msg}\nWill try truncating table\n")
+        (subdir, fname, offs, count) = tab._offset_from_row(row)
+        tab._remove_or_truncate_file(subdir, fname, offs)
+        raise RetryFsck

nilmdb/scripts/nilmdb_fsck.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import nilmdb.fsck
+import argparse
+
+
+def main():
+    """Main entry point for the 'nilmdb-fsck' command line script"""
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description='Check database consistency',
+        formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)
+    parser.add_argument("-v", "--version", action="version",
+                        version=nilmdb.__version__)
+    parser.add_argument("-f", "--fix", action="store_true",
+                        default=False, help='Fix errors when possible '
+                        '(which may involve removing data)')
+    parser.add_argument("-n", "--no-data", action="store_true",
+                        default=False, help='Skip the slow full-data check')
+    parser.add_argument('database', help='Database directory')
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    nilmdb.fsck.Fsck(args.database, args.fix).check(skip_data=args.no_data)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

nilmdb/scripts/nilmdb_server.py

@@ -1,38 +1,43 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import os
+import sys
+import socket
+import argparse
+
+import cherrypy
 
 import nilmdb.server
-import argparse
+
-import os
-import socket
 
 def main():
     """Main entry point for the 'nilmdb-server' command line script"""
 
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description = 'Run the NilmDB server',
+        description='Run the NilmDB server',
-        formatter_class = argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)
+        formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)
 
-    parser.add_argument("-V", "--version", action="version",
+    parser.add_argument("-v", "--version", action="version",
-                        version = nilmdb.__version__)
+                        version=nilmdb.__version__)
 
     group = parser.add_argument_group("Standard options")
     group.add_argument('-a', '--address',
-                       help = 'Only listen on the given address',
+                       help='Only listen on the given address',
-                       default = '0.0.0.0')
+                       default='0.0.0.0')
-    group.add_argument('-p', '--port', help = 'Listen on the given port',
+    group.add_argument('-p', '--port', help='Listen on the given port',
-                       type = int, default = 12380)
+                       type=int, default=12380)
-    group.add_argument('-d', '--database', help = 'Database directory',
+    group.add_argument('-d', '--database', help='Database directory',
-                       default = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "db"))
+                       default="./db")
-    group.add_argument('-q', '--quiet', help = 'Silence output',
+    group.add_argument('-q', '--quiet', help='Silence output',
-                       action = 'store_true')
+                       action='store_true')
     group.add_argument('-t', '--traceback',
-                       help = 'Provide tracebacks in client errors',
+                       help='Provide tracebacks in client errors',
-                       action = 'store_true', default = False)
+                       action='store_true', default=False)
 
     group = parser.add_argument_group("Debug options")
-    group.add_argument('-y', '--yappi', help = 'Run under yappi profiler and '
+    group.add_argument('-y', '--yappi', help='Run under yappi profiler and '
                        'invoke interactive shell afterwards',
-                       action = 'store_true')
+                       action='store_true')
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
@@ -41,47 +46,54 @@ def main():
     db = nilmdb.utils.serializer_proxy(nilmdb.server.NilmDB)(args.database)
 
     # Configure the server
-    if args.quiet:
+    if not args.quiet:
-        embedded = True
+        cherrypy._cpconfig.environments['embedded']['log.screen'] = True
-    else:
+
-        embedded = False
     server = nilmdb.server.Server(db,
-                                  host = args.address,
+                                  host=args.address,
-                                  port = args.port,
+                                  port=args.port,
-                                  embedded = embedded,
+                                  force_traceback=args.traceback)
-                                  force_traceback = args.traceback)
 
     # Print info
     if not args.quiet:
-        print "Version: %s" % nilmdb.__version__
+        print("Version: %s" % nilmdb.__version__)
-        print "Database: %s" % (os.path.realpath(args.database))
+        print("Database: %s" % (os.path.realpath(args.database)))
         if args.address == '0.0.0.0' or args.address == '::':
             host = socket.getfqdn()
         else:
             host = args.address
-        print "Server URL: http://%s:%d/" % ( host, args.port)
+        print("Server URL: http://%s:%d/" % (host, args.port))
-        print "----"
+        print("----")
 
     # Run it
-    if args.yappi:
+    try:
-        print "Running in yappi"
+        if args.yappi:
-        try:
+            print("Running in yappi")
-            import yappi
+            try:
-            yappi.start()
+                import yappi
-            server.start(blocking = True)
+                yappi.start()
-        finally:
+                server.start(blocking=True)
-            yappi.stop()
+            finally:
-            yappi.print_stats(sort_type = yappi.SORTTYPE_TTOT, limit = 50)
+                yappi.stop()
-            from IPython import embed
+                stats = yappi.get_func_stats()
-            embed(header = "Use the yappi object to explore further, "
+                stats.sort("ttot")
-                  "quit to exit")
+                stats.print_all()
-    else:
+                try:
-        server.start(blocking = True)
+                    from IPython import embed
+                    embed(header="Use the `yappi` or `stats` object to "
+                          "explore further, `quit` to exit")
+                except ModuleNotFoundError:
+                    print("\nInstall ipython to explore further")
+        else:
+            server.start(blocking=True)
+    except nilmdb.server.serverutil.CherryPyExit:
+        print("Exiting due to CherryPy error", file=sys.stderr)
+        raise
+    finally:
+        if not args.quiet:
+            print("Closing database")
+            db.close()
 
-    # Clean up
-    if not args.quiet:
-        print "Closing database"
-        db.close()
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()

nilmdb/scripts/nilmtool.py

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
 
 import nilmdb.cmdline
 
+
 def main():
     """Main entry point for the 'nilmtool' command line script"""
     nilmdb.cmdline.Cmdline().run()
 
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()

nilmdb/server/__init__.py

@@ -1,21 +1,9 @@
 """nilmdb.server"""
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
+# Set up pyximport to automatically rebuild Cython modules if needed.
-
+import pyximport
-# Try to set up pyximport to automatically rebuild Cython modules.  If
+pyximport.install(inplace=True, build_in_temp=False)
-# this doesn't work, it's OK, as long as the modules were built externally.
-# (e.g. python setup.py build_ext --inplace)
-try: # pragma: no cover
-    import Cython
-    import distutils.version
-    if (distutils.version.LooseVersion(Cython.__version__) <
-        distutils.version.LooseVersion("0.17")): # pragma: no cover
-        raise ImportError("Cython version too old")
-    import pyximport
-    pyximport.install(inplace = True, build_in_temp = False)
-except (ImportError, TypeError): # pragma: no cover
-    pass
 
 from nilmdb.server.nilmdb import NilmDB
-from nilmdb.server.server import Server
+from nilmdb.server.server import Server, wsgi_application
 from nilmdb.server.errors import NilmDBError, StreamError, OverlapError

nilmdb/server/bulkdata.py

@@ -1,60 +1,138 @@
 # Fixed record size bulk data storage
 
-# Need absolute_import so that "import nilmdb" won't pull in
-# nilmdb.py, but will pull the parent nilmdb module instead.
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from nilmdb.utils.printf import *
-from nilmdb.utils.time import float_time_to_string as ftts
-import nilmdb.utils
-
 import os
-import cPickle as pickle
 import re
 import sys
+import pickle
+import tempfile
 
-#from . import pyrocket as rocket
+from nilmdb.utils.printf import sprintf
+from nilmdb.utils.time import timestamp_to_string
+import nilmdb.utils
+
+import nilmdb.utils.lock
 from . import rocket
 
 # Up to 256 open file descriptors at any given time.
 # These variables are global so they can be used in the decorator arguments.
-table_cache_size = 16
+table_cache_size = 32
-fd_cache_size = 16
+fd_cache_size = 8
 
-@nilmdb.utils.must_close(wrap_verify = False)
+
-class BulkData(object):
+@nilmdb.utils.must_close(wrap_verify=False)
+class BulkData():
     def __init__(self, basepath, **kwargs):
-        self.basepath = basepath
+        if isinstance(basepath, str):
-        self.root = os.path.join(self.basepath, "data")
+            self.basepath = self._encode_filename(basepath)
+        else:
+            self.basepath = basepath
+        self.root = os.path.join(self.basepath, b"data")
+        self.lock = self.root + b".lock"
+        self.lockfile = None
 
         # Tuneables
-        if "file_size" in kwargs:
+        if "file_size" in kwargs and kwargs["file_size"] is not None:
             self.file_size = kwargs["file_size"]
         else:
             # Default to approximately 128 MiB per file
             self.file_size = 128 * 1024 * 1024
 
-        if "files_per_dir" in kwargs:
+        if "files_per_dir" in kwargs and kwargs["files_per_dir"] is not None:
             self.files_per_dir = kwargs["files_per_dir"]
         else:
             # 32768 files per dir should work even on FAT32
             self.files_per_dir = 32768
 
+        if "initial_nrows" in kwargs and kwargs["initial_nrows"] is not None:
+            self.initial_nrows = kwargs["initial_nrows"]
+        else:
+            # First row is 0
+            self.initial_nrows = 0
+
         # Make root path
         if not os.path.isdir(self.root):
             os.mkdir(self.root)
 
+        # Create the lock
+        self.lockfile = open(self.lock, "w")
+        if not nilmdb.utils.lock.exclusive_lock(self.lockfile):
+            raise IOError('database at "' +
+                          self._decode_filename(self.basepath) +
+                          '" is already locked by another process')
+
     def close(self):
         self.getnode.cache_remove_all()
+        if self.lockfile:
+            nilmdb.utils.lock.exclusive_unlock(self.lockfile)
+            self.lockfile.close()
+            try:
+                os.unlink(self.lock)
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+            self.lockfile = None
 
     def _encode_filename(self, path):
-        # Encode all paths to UTF-8, regardless of sys.getfilesystemencoding(),
+        # Translate unicode strings to raw bytes, if needed.  We
-        # because we want to be able to represent all code points and the user
+        # always manipulate paths internally as bytes.
-        # will never be directly exposed to filenames.  We can then do path
+        return path.encode('utf-8')
-        # manipulations on the UTF-8 directly.
+
-        if isinstance(path, unicode):
+    def _decode_filename(self, path):
-            return path.encode('utf-8')
+        # Translate raw bytes to unicode strings, escaping if needed
-        return path
+        return path.decode('utf-8', errors='backslashreplace')
+
+    def _create_check_ospath(self, ospath):
+        if ospath[-1:] == b'/':
+            raise ValueError("invalid path; should not end with a /")
+        if Table.exists(ospath):
+            raise ValueError("stream already exists at this path")
+        if os.path.isdir(ospath):
+            # Look for any files in subdirectories.  Fully empty subdirectories
+            # are OK; they might be there during a rename
+            for (root, dirs, files) in os.walk(ospath):
+                if files:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "non-empty subdirs of this path already exist")
+
+    def _create_parents(self, unicodepath):
+        """Verify the path name, and create parent directories if they
+        don't exist.  Returns a list of elements that got created."""
+        path = self._encode_filename(unicodepath)
+
+        if path[0:1] != b'/':
+            raise ValueError("paths must start with / ")
+        [group, node] = path.rsplit(b"/", 1)
+        if group == b'':
+            raise ValueError("invalid path; path must contain at least one "
+                             "folder")
+        if node == b'':
+            raise ValueError("invalid path; should not end with a /")
+        if not Table.valid_path(path):
+            raise ValueError("path name is invalid or contains reserved words")
+
+        # Create the table's base dir.  Note that we make a
+        # distinction here between NilmDB paths (always Unix style,
+        # split apart manually) and OS paths (built up with
+        # os.path.join)
+
+        # Make directories leading up to this one
+        elements = path.lstrip(b'/').split(b'/')
+        made_dirs = []
+        try:
+            # Make parent elements
+            for i in range(len(elements)):
+                ospath = os.path.join(self.root, *elements[0:i])
+                if Table.exists(ospath):
+                    raise ValueError("path is subdir of existing node")
+                if not os.path.isdir(ospath):
+                    os.mkdir(ospath)
+                    made_dirs.append(ospath)
+        except Exception:
+            # Remove paths that we created
+            for ospath in reversed(made_dirs):
+                os.rmdir(ospath)
+            raise
+
+        return elements
 
     def create(self, unicodepath, layout_name):
         """
@@ -67,32 +145,11 @@ class BulkData(object):
 
         layout_name: string for nilmdb.layout.get_named(), e.g. 'float32_8'
         """
-        path = self._encode_filename(unicodepath)
+        elements = self._create_parents(unicodepath)
-
-        if path[0] != '/':
-            raise ValueError("paths must start with /")
-        [ group, node ] = path.rsplit("/", 1)
-        if group == '':
-            raise ValueError("invalid path; path must contain at least one "
-                             "folder")
-
-        # Create the table.  Note that we make a distinction here
-        # between NilmDB paths (always Unix style, split apart
-        # manually) and OS paths (built up with os.path.join)
-
-        # Make directories leading up to this one
-        elements = path.lstrip('/').split('/')
-        for i in range(len(elements)):
-            ospath = os.path.join(self.root, *elements[0:i])
-            if Table.exists(ospath):
-                raise ValueError("path is subdir of existing node")
-            if not os.path.isdir(ospath):
-                os.mkdir(ospath)
 
         # Make the final dir
         ospath = os.path.join(self.root, *elements)
-        if os.path.isdir(ospath):
+        self._create_check_ospath(ospath)
-            raise ValueError("subdirs of this path already exist")
         os.mkdir(ospath)
 
         try:
@@ -102,24 +159,78 @@ class BulkData(object):
 
             # Open and cache it
             self.getnode(unicodepath)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             exc_info = sys.exc_info()
             try:
                 os.rmdir(ospath)
             except OSError:
                 pass
-            raise exc_info[1], None, exc_info[2]
+            raise exc_info[1].with_traceback(exc_info[2])
 
         # Success
         return
 
+    def _remove_leaves(self, unicodepath):
+        """Remove empty directories starting at the leaves of unicodepath"""
+        path = self._encode_filename(unicodepath)
+        elements = path.lstrip(b'/').split(b'/')
+        for i in reversed(list(range(len(elements)))):
+            ospath = os.path.join(self.root, *elements[0:i+1])
+            try:
+                os.rmdir(ospath)
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+
+    def rename(self, oldunicodepath, newunicodepath):
+        """Move entire tree from 'oldunicodepath' to
+        'newunicodepath'"""
+        oldpath = self._encode_filename(oldunicodepath)
+        newpath = self._encode_filename(newunicodepath)
+
+        # Get OS paths
+        oldelements = oldpath.lstrip(b'/').split(b'/')
+        oldospath = os.path.join(self.root, *oldelements)
+        newelements = newpath.lstrip(b'/').split(b'/')
+        newospath = os.path.join(self.root, *newelements)
+
+        # Basic checks
+        if oldospath == newospath:
+            raise ValueError("old and new paths are the same")
+
+        # Remove Table object at old path from cache
+        self.getnode.cache_remove(self, oldunicodepath)
+
+        # Move the table to a temporary location
+        tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix=b"rename-", dir=self.root)
+        tmppath = os.path.join(tmpdir, b"table")
+        os.rename(oldospath, tmppath)
+
+        try:
+            # Check destination path
+            self._create_check_ospath(newospath)
+
+            # Create parent dirs for new location
+            self._create_parents(newunicodepath)
+
+            # Move table into new location
+            os.rename(tmppath, newospath)
+        except Exception:
+            # On failure, move the table back to original path
+            os.rename(tmppath, oldospath)
+            os.rmdir(tmpdir)
+            raise
+
+        # Prune old dirs
+        self._remove_leaves(oldunicodepath)
+        os.rmdir(tmpdir)
+
     def destroy(self, unicodepath):
         """Fully remove all data at a particular path.  No way to undo
         it!  The group/path structure is removed, too."""
         path = self._encode_filename(unicodepath)
 
         # Get OS path
-        elements = path.lstrip('/').split('/')
+        elements = path.lstrip(b'/').split(b'/')
         ospath = os.path.join(self.root, *elements)
 
         # Remove Table object from cache
@@ -128,41 +239,42 @@ class BulkData(object):
         # Remove the contents of the target directory
         if not Table.exists(ospath):
             raise ValueError("nothing at that path")
-        for (root, dirs, files) in os.walk(ospath, topdown = False):
+        for (root, dirs, files) in os.walk(ospath, topdown=False):
             for name in files:
                 os.remove(os.path.join(root, name))
             for name in dirs:
                 os.rmdir(os.path.join(root, name))
 
-        # Remove empty parent directories
+        # Remove leftover empty directories
-        for i in reversed(range(len(elements))):
+        self._remove_leaves(unicodepath)
-            ospath = os.path.join(self.root, *elements[0:i+1])
-            try:
-                os.rmdir(ospath)
-            except OSError:
-                break
 
     # Cache open tables
-    @nilmdb.utils.lru_cache(size = table_cache_size,
+    @nilmdb.utils.lru_cache(size=table_cache_size,
-                            onremove = lambda x: x.close())
+                            onremove=lambda x: x.close())
     def getnode(self, unicodepath):
         """Return a Table object corresponding to the given database
         path, which must exist."""
         path = self._encode_filename(unicodepath)
-        elements = path.lstrip('/').split('/')
+        elements = path.lstrip(b'/').split(b'/')
         ospath = os.path.join(self.root, *elements)
-        return Table(ospath)
+        return Table(ospath, self.initial_nrows)
 
-@nilmdb.utils.must_close(wrap_verify = False)
+
-class Table(object):
+@nilmdb.utils.must_close(wrap_verify=False)
+class Table():
     """Tools to help access a single table (data at a specific OS path)."""
     # See design.md for design details
 
     # Class methods, to help keep format details in this class.
+    @classmethod
+    def valid_path(cls, root):
+        """Return True if a root path is a valid name"""
+        return b"_format" not in root.split(b"/")
+
     @classmethod
     def exists(cls, root):
         """Return True if a table appears to exist at this OS path"""
-        return os.path.isfile(os.path.join(root, "_format"))
+        return os.path.isfile(os.path.join(root, b"_format"))
 
     @classmethod
     def create(cls, root, layout, file_size, files_per_dir):
@@ -175,37 +287,30 @@ class Table(object):
         rows_per_file = max(file_size // rkt.binary_size, 1)
         rkt.close()
 
-        fmt = { "rows_per_file": rows_per_file,
+        fmt = {
-                "files_per_dir": files_per_dir,
+            "rows_per_file": rows_per_file,
-                "layout": layout,
+            "files_per_dir": files_per_dir,
-                "version": 2 }
+            "layout": layout,
-        with open(os.path.join(root, "_format"), "wb") as f:
+            "version": 3
-            pickle.dump(fmt, f, 2)
+        }
+        nilmdb.utils.atomic.replace_file(
+            os.path.join(root, b"_format"), pickle.dumps(fmt, 2))
 
     # Normal methods
-    def __init__(self, root):
+    def __init__(self, root, initial_nrows=0):
         """'root' is the full OS path to the directory of this table"""
         self.root = root
+        self.initial_nrows = initial_nrows
 
         # Load the format
-        with open(os.path.join(self.root, "_format"), "rb") as f:
+        with open(os.path.join(self.root, b"_format"), "rb") as f:
             fmt = pickle.load(f)
 
-        if fmt["version"] == 1: # pragma: no cover
+        if fmt["version"] != 3:
-            # We can handle this old version by converting from
+            # Old versions used floating point timestamps, which aren't
-            # struct_fmt back to layout name.
+            # valid anymore.
-            compat = { "<dHHHHHH": "uint16_6",
+            raise NotImplementedError("old version " + str(fmt["version"]) +
-                       "<dHHHHHHHHH": "uint16_9",
+                                      " bulk data store is not supported")
-                       "<dffffffff": "float32_8" }
-            if fmt["struct_fmt"] in compat:
-                fmt["version"] = 2
-                fmt["layout"] = compat[fmt["struct_fmt"]]
-            else:
-                raise NotImplementedError("old version 1 data with format "
-                                          + fmt["struct_fmt"] + " is no good")
-        elif fmt["version"] != 2: # pragma: no cover (just future proofing)
-            raise NotImplementedError("version " + str(fmt["version"]) +
-                                      " bulk data store not supported")
 
         self.rows_per_file = fmt["rows_per_file"]
         self.files_per_dir = fmt["files_per_dir"]
@@ -231,31 +336,38 @@ class Table(object):
         # greater than the row number of any piece of data that
         # currently exists, not necessarily all data that _ever_
         # existed.
-        regex = re.compile("^[0-9a-f]{4,}$")
+        regex = re.compile(b"^[0-9a-f]{4,}$")
 
         # Find the last directory.  We sort and loop through all of them,
         # starting with the numerically greatest, because the dirs could be
-        # empty if something was deleted.
+        # empty if something was deleted but the directory was unexpectedly
+        # not deleted.
         subdirs = sorted(filter(regex.search, os.listdir(self.root)),
-                         key = lambda x: int(x, 16), reverse = True)
+                         key=lambda x: int(x, 16), reverse=True)
 
         for subdir in subdirs:
             # Now find the last file in that dir
             path = os.path.join(self.root, subdir)
-            files = filter(regex.search, os.listdir(path))
+            files = list(filter(regex.search, os.listdir(path)))
-            if not files: # pragma: no cover (shouldn't occur)
+            if not files:
                 # Empty dir: try the next one
                 continue
 
             # Find the numerical max
-            filename = max(files, key = lambda x: int(x, 16))
+            filename = max(files, key=lambda x: int(x, 16))
             offset = os.path.getsize(os.path.join(self.root, subdir, filename))
 
             # Convert to row number
             return self._row_from_offset(subdir, filename, offset)
 
-        # No files, so no data
+        # No files, so no data.  We typically start at row 0 in this
-        return 0
+        # case, although initial_nrows is specified during some tests
+        # to exercise other parts of the code better.  Since we have
+        # no files yet, round initial_nrows up so it points to a row
+        # that would begin a new file.
+        nrows = ((self.initial_nrows + (self.rows_per_file - 1)) //
+                 self.rows_per_file) * self.rows_per_file
+        return nrows
 
     def _offset_from_row(self, row):
         """Return a (subdir, filename, offset, count) tuple:
@@ -268,8 +380,8 @@ class Table(object):
         filenum = row // self.rows_per_file
         # It's OK if these format specifiers are too short; the filenames
         # will just get longer but will still sort correctly.
-        dirname = sprintf("%04x", filenum // self.files_per_dir)
+        dirname = sprintf(b"%04x", filenum // self.files_per_dir)
-        filename = sprintf("%04x", filenum % self.files_per_dir)
+        filename = sprintf(b"%04x", filenum % self.files_per_dir)
         offset = (row % self.rows_per_file) * self.row_size
         count = self.rows_per_file - (row % self.rows_per_file)
         return (dirname, filename, offset, count)
@@ -277,14 +389,14 @@ class Table(object):
     def _row_from_offset(self, subdir, filename, offset):
         """Return the row number that corresponds to the given
         'subdir/filename' and byte-offset within that file."""
-        if (offset % self.row_size) != 0: # pragma: no cover
+        if (offset % self.row_size) != 0:
             # this shouldn't occur, unless there is some corruption somewhere
             raise ValueError("file offset is not a multiple of data size")
         filenum = int(subdir, 16) * self.files_per_dir + int(filename, 16)
         row = (filenum * self.rows_per_file) + (offset // self.row_size)
         return row
 
-    def _remove_or_truncate_file(self, subdir, filename, offset = 0):
+    def _remove_or_truncate_file(self, subdir, filename, offset=0):
         """Remove the given file, and remove the subdirectory too
         if it's empty.  If offset is nonzero, truncate the file
         to that size instead."""
@@ -300,12 +412,12 @@ class Table(object):
             # Try deleting subdir, too
             try:
                 os.rmdir(os.path.join(self.root, subdir))
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 pass
 
     # Cache open files
-    @nilmdb.utils.lru_cache(size = fd_cache_size,
+    @nilmdb.utils.lru_cache(size=fd_cache_size,
-                            onremove = lambda f: f.close())
+                            onremove=lambda f: f.close())
     def file_open(self, subdir, filename):
         """Open and map a given 'subdir/filename' (relative to self.root).
         Will be automatically closed when evicted from the cache."""
@@ -318,38 +430,23 @@ class Table(object):
         return rocket.Rocket(self.layout,
                              os.path.join(self.root, subdir, filename))
 
-    def append(self, data):
+    def append_data(self, data, start, end, binary=False):
-        """Append the data and flush it to disk.
-        data is a nested Python list [[row],[row],[...]]"""
-        remaining = len(data)
-        dataiter = iter(data)
-        while remaining:
-            # See how many rows we can fit into the current file, and open it
-            (subdir, fname, offset, count) = self._offset_from_row(self.nrows)
-            if count > remaining:
-                count = remaining
-
-            f = self.file_open(subdir, fname)
-
-            # Write the data
-            written = f.append_iter(count, dataiter)
-            if written != count: # pragma: no cover
-                raise Exception("Didn't write the expected number of rows: "
-                                + str(written) + " != " + str(count))
-            remaining -= count
-            self.nrows += count
-
-    def append_string(self, data, start, end):
         """Parse the formatted string in 'data', according to the
         current layout, and append it to the table.  If any timestamps
         are non-monotonic, or don't fall between 'start' and 'end',
         a ValueError is raised.
 
+        Note that data is always of 'bytes' type.
+
+        If 'binary' is True, the data should be in raw binary format
+        instead: little-endian, matching the current table's layout,
+        including the int64 timestamp.
+
         If this function succeeds, it returns normally.  Otherwise,
         the table is reverted back to its original state by truncating
         or deleting files as necessary."""
         data_offset = 0
-        last_timestamp = -1e12
+        last_timestamp = nilmdb.utils.time.min_timestamp
         tot_rows = self.nrows
         count = 0
         linenum = 0
@@ -357,45 +454,57 @@ class Table(object):
             while data_offset < len(data):
                 # See how many rows we can fit into the current file,
                 # and open it
-                (subdir, fname, offset, count) = self._offset_from_row(tot_rows)
+                (subdir, fname, offs, count) = self._offset_from_row(tot_rows)
                 f = self.file_open(subdir, fname)
 
                 # Ask the rocket object to parse and append up to "count"
                 # rows of data, verifying things along the way.
                 try:
+                    if binary:
+                        appender = f.append_binary
+                    else:
+                        appender = f.append_string
                     (added_rows, data_offset, last_timestamp, linenum
-                     ) = f.append_string(count, data, data_offset, linenum,
+                     ) = appender(count, data, data_offset, linenum,
-                                         start, end, last_timestamp)
+                                  start, end, last_timestamp)
                 except rocket.ParseError as e:
                     (linenum, colnum, errtype, obj) = e.args
-                    where = "line %d, column %d: " % (linenum, colnum)
+                    if binary:
+                        where = "byte %d: " % (linenum)
+                    else:
+                        where = "line %d, column %d: " % (linenum, colnum)
                     # Extract out the error line, add column marker
                     try:
+                        if binary:
+                            raise IndexError
                         bad = data.splitlines()[linenum-1]
-                        badptr = ' ' * (colnum - 1) + '^'
+                        bad += b'\n' + b' ' * (colnum - 1) + b'^'
-                    except IndexError: # pragma: no cover
+                    except IndexError:
-                        bad = ""
+                        bad = b""
                     if errtype == rocket.ERR_NON_MONOTONIC:
                         err = "timestamp is not monotonically increasing"
                     elif errtype == rocket.ERR_OUT_OF_INTERVAL:
                         if obj < start:
                             err = sprintf("Data timestamp %s < start time %s",
-                                          ftts(obj), ftts(start))
+                                          timestamp_to_string(obj),
+                                          timestamp_to_string(start))
                         else:
                             err = sprintf("Data timestamp %s >= end time %s",
-                                          ftts(obj), ftts(end))
+                                          timestamp_to_string(obj),
+                                          timestamp_to_string(end))
                     else:
                         err = str(obj)
+                    bad_str = bad.decode('utf-8', errors='backslashreplace')
                     raise ValueError("error parsing input data: " +
-                                     where + err + "\n" + bad + "\n" + badptr)
+                                     where + err + "\n" + bad_str)
                 tot_rows += added_rows
         except Exception:
             # Some failure, so try to roll things back by truncating or
             # deleting files that we may have appended data to.
             cleanpos = self.nrows
             while cleanpos <= tot_rows:
-                (subdir, fname, offset, count) = self._offset_from_row(cleanpos)
+                (subdir, fname, offs, count) = self._offset_from_row(cleanpos)
-                self._remove_or_truncate_file(subdir, fname, offset)
+                self._remove_or_truncate_file(subdir, fname, offs)
                 cleanpos += count
             # Re-raise original exception
             raise
@@ -403,15 +512,11 @@ class Table(object):
             # Success, so update self.nrows accordingly
             self.nrows = tot_rows
 
-    def _get_data(self, start, stop, as_string):
+    def get_data(self, start, stop, binary=False):
         """Extract data corresponding to Python range [n:m],
-        and returns a numeric list or formatted string,
+        and returns a formatted string"""
-        depending on as_string."""
+        if (start is None or stop is None or
-        if (start is None or
+                start > stop or start < 0 or stop > self.nrows):
-            stop is None or
-            start > stop or
-            start < 0 or
-            stop > self.nrows):
             raise IndexError("Index out of range")
 
         ret = []
@@ -422,42 +527,21 @@ class Table(object):
             if count > remaining:
                 count = remaining
             f = self.file_open(subdir, filename)
-            if as_string:
+            if binary:
-                ret.append(f.extract_string(offset, count))
+                ret.append(f.extract_binary(offset, count))
             else:
-                ret.extend(f.extract_list(offset, count))
+                ret.append(f.extract_string(offset, count))
             remaining -= count
             row += count
-        if as_string:
+        return b"".join(ret)
-            return "".join(ret)
-        return ret
 
-    def get_as_text(self, start, stop):
+    def __getitem__(self, row):
-        """Extract data corresponding to Python range [n:m],
+        """Extract timestamps from a row, with table[n] notation."""
-        and returns a formatted string"""
+        if row < 0 or row >= self.nrows:
-        return self._get_data(start, stop, True)
-
-    def __getitem__(self, key):
-        """Extract data and return it.  Supports simple indexing
-        (table[n]) and range slices (table[n:m]).  Returns a nested
-        Python list [[row],[row],[...]]"""
-
-        # Handle simple slices
-        if isinstance(key, slice):
-            # Fall back to brute force if the slice isn't simple
-            try:
-                if (key.step is not None and key.step != 1):
-                    raise IndexError
-                return self._get_data(key.start, key.stop, False)
-            except IndexError:
-                return [ self[x] for x in xrange(*key.indices(self.nrows)) ]
-
-        # Handle single points (inefficiently!)
-        if key < 0 or key >= self.nrows:
             raise IndexError("Index out of range")
-        (subdir, filename, offset, count) = self._offset_from_row(key)
+        (subdir, filename, offset, count) = self._offset_from_row(row)
         f = self.file_open(subdir, filename)
-        return f.extract_list(offset, 1)[0]
+        return f.extract_timestamp(offset)
 
     def _remove_rows(self, subdir, filename, start, stop):
         """Helper to mark specific rows as being removed from a
@@ -472,12 +556,12 @@ class Table(object):
         # file.  Only when the list covers the entire extent of the
         # file will that file be removed.
         datafile = os.path.join(self.root, subdir, filename)
-        cachefile = datafile + ".removed"
+        cachefile = datafile + b".removed"
         try:
             with open(cachefile, "rb") as f:
                 ranges = pickle.load(f)
             cachefile_present = True
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             ranges = []
             cachefile_present = False
 
@@ -499,8 +583,9 @@ class Table(object):
                 # Not connected; append previous and start again
                 merged.append(prev)
                 prev = new
-        if prev is not None:
+        # Last range we were looking at goes into the file.  We know
-            merged.append(prev)
+        # there was at least one (the one we just removed).
+        merged.append(prev)
 
         # If the range covered the whole file, we can delete it now.
         # Note that the last file in a table may be only partially
@@ -509,7 +594,7 @@ class Table(object):
         # remainder will be filled on a subsequent append(), and things
         # are generally easier if we don't have to special-case that.
         if (len(merged) == 1 and
-            merged[0][0] == 0 and merged[0][1] == self.rows_per_file):
+                merged[0][0] == 0 and merged[0][1] == self.rows_per_file):
             # Delete files
             if cachefile_present:
                 os.remove(cachefile)
@@ -548,11 +633,3 @@ class Table(object):
             self._remove_rows(subdir, filename, row_offset, row_offset + count)
             remaining -= count
             row += count
-
-class TimestampOnlyTable(object):
-    """Helper that lets us pass a Tables object into bisect, by
-    returning only the timestamp when a particular row is requested."""
-    def __init__(self, table):
-        self.table = table
-    def __getitem__(self, index):
-        return self.table[index][0]

nilmdb/server/errors.py

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 """Exceptions"""
 
+
 class NilmDBError(Exception):
     """Base exception for NilmDB errors"""
-    def __init__(self, message = "Unspecified error"):
+    def __init__(self, msg="Unspecified error"):
-        Exception.__init__(self, message)
+        super().__init__(msg)
+
 
 class StreamError(NilmDBError):
     pass
 
+
 class OverlapError(NilmDBError):
     pass

nilmdb/server/interval.pyx

@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
+# cython: language_level=2
+
 """Interval, IntervalSet
 
+The Interval implemented here is just like
+nilmdb.utils.interval.Interval, except implemented in Cython for
+speed.
+
 Represents an interval of time, and a set of such intervals.
 
 Intervals are half-open, ie. they include data points with timestamps
@@ -19,53 +25,54 @@ Intervals are half-open, ie. they include data points with timestamps
 # Fourth version is an optimized rb-tree that stores interval starts
 # and ends directly in the tree, like bxinterval did.
 
-from ..utils.time import float_time_to_string as ftts
+from ..utils.time import min_timestamp as nilmdb_min_timestamp
+from ..utils.time import max_timestamp as nilmdb_max_timestamp
+from ..utils.time import timestamp_to_string
 from ..utils.iterator import imerge
+from ..utils.interval import IntervalError
 import itertools
 
 cimport rbtree
-cdef extern from "stdint.h":
+from libc.stdint cimport uint64_t, int64_t
-    ctypedef unsigned long long uint64_t
 
-class IntervalError(Exception):
+ctypedef int64_t timestamp_t
-    """Error due to interval overlap, etc"""
-    pass
 
 cdef class Interval:
     """Represents an interval of time."""
 
-    cdef public double start, end
+    cdef public timestamp_t start, end
 
-    def __init__(self, double start, double end):
+    def __init__(self, timestamp_t start, timestamp_t end):
         """
-        'start' and 'end' are arbitrary floats that represent time
+        'start' and 'end' are arbitrary numbers that represent time
         """
         if start >= end:
             # Explicitly disallow zero-width intervals (since they're half-open)
             raise IntervalError("start %s must precede end %s" % (start, end))
-        self.start = float(start)
+        self.start = start
-        self.end = float(end)
+        self.end = end
 
     def __repr__(self):
         s = repr(self.start) + ", " + repr(self.end)
         return self.__class__.__name__ + "(" + s + ")"
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return "[" + ftts(self.start) + " -> " + ftts(self.end) + ")"
+        return ("[" + timestamp_to_string(self.start) +
+                " -> " + timestamp_to_string(self.end) + ")")
 
-    def __cmp__(self, Interval other):
+    # Compare two intervals.  If non-equal, order by start then end
-        """Compare two intervals.  If non-equal, order by start then end"""
+    def __lt__(self, Interval other):
-        if not isinstance(other, Interval):
+        return (self.start, self.end) < (other.start, other.end)
-            raise TypeError("bad type")
+    def __gt__(self, Interval other):
-        if self.start == other.start:
+        return (self.start, self.end) > (other.start, other.end)
-            if self.end < other.end:
+    def __le__(self, Interval other):
-                return -1
+        return (self.start, self.end) <= (other.start, other.end)
-            if self.end > other.end:
+    def __ge__(self, Interval other):
-                return 1
+        return (self.start, self.end) >= (other.start, other.end)
-            return 0
+    def __eq__(self, Interval other):
-        if self.start < other.start:
+        return (self.start, self.end) == (other.start, other.end)
-            return -1
+    def __ne__(self, Interval other):
-        return 1
+        return (self.start, self.end) != (other.start, other.end)
 
     cpdef intersects(self, Interval other):
         """Return True if two Interval objects intersect"""
@@ -73,7 +80,7 @@ cdef class Interval:
             return False
         return True
 
-    cpdef subset(self, double start, double end):
+    cpdef subset(self, timestamp_t start, timestamp_t end):
         """Return a new Interval that is a subset of this one"""
         # A subclass that tracks additional data might override this.
         if start < self.start or end > self.end:
@@ -95,14 +102,14 @@ cdef class DBInterval(Interval):
         db_end = 200, db_endpos = 20000
     """
 
-    cpdef public double db_start, db_end
+    cpdef public timestamp_t db_start, db_end
     cpdef public uint64_t db_startpos, db_endpos
 
     def __init__(self, start, end,
                  db_start, db_end,
                  db_startpos, db_endpos):
         """
-        'db_start' and 'db_end' are arbitrary floats that represent
+        'db_start' and 'db_end' are arbitrary numbers that represent
         time.  They must be a strict superset of the time interval
         covered by 'start' and 'end'.  The 'db_startpos' and
         'db_endpos' are arbitrary database position indicators that
@@ -122,7 +129,7 @@ cdef class DBInterval(Interval):
         s += ", " + repr(self.db_startpos) + ", " + repr(self.db_endpos)
         return self.__class__.__name__ + "(" + s + ")"
 
-    cpdef subset(self, double start, double end):
+    cpdef subset(self, timestamp_t start, timestamp_t end):
         """
         Return a new DBInterval that is a subset of this one
         """
@@ -291,79 +298,18 @@ cdef class IntervalSet:
         (potentially) subsetted to make the one that is being
         returned.
         """
-        if not isinstance(interval, Interval):
+        if orig:
-            raise TypeError("bad type")
+            for n in self.tree.intersect(interval.start, interval.end):
-        for n in self.tree.intersect(interval.start, interval.end):
+                i = n.obj
-            i = n.obj
+                subset = i.subset(max(i.start, interval.start),
-            if i:
+                                  min(i.end, interval.end))
-                if i.start >= interval.start and i.end <= interval.end:
+                yield (subset, i)
-                    if orig:
+        else:
-                        yield (i, i)
+            for n in self.tree.intersect(interval.start, interval.end):
-                    else:
+                i = n.obj
-                        yield i
+                subset = i.subset(max(i.start, interval.start),
-                else:
+                                  min(i.end, interval.end))
-                    subset = i.subset(max(i.start, interval.start),
+                yield subset
-                                      min(i.end, interval.end))
-                    if orig:
-                        yield (subset, i)
-                    else:
-                        yield subset
-
-    def set_difference(self, IntervalSet other not None,
-                       Interval bounds = None):
-        """
-        Compute the difference (self \\ other) between this
-        IntervalSet and the given IntervalSet; i.e., the ranges
-        that are present in 'self' but not 'other'.
-
-        If 'bounds' is not None, results are limited to the range
-        specified by the interval 'bounds'.
-
-        Returns a generator that yields each interval in turn.
-        Output intervals are built as subsets of the intervals in the
-        first argument (self).
-        """
-        # Iterate through all starts and ends in sorted order.  Add a
-        # tag to the iterator so that we can figure out which one they
-        # were, after sorting.
-        def decorate(it, key_start, key_end):
-            for i in it:
-                yield i.start, key_start, i
-                yield i.end, key_end, i
-        if bounds is None:
-            bounds = Interval(-1e12, 1e12)
-        self_iter = decorate(self.intersection(bounds), 0, 2)
-        other_iter = decorate(other.intersection(bounds), 1, 3)
-
-        # Now iterate over the timestamps of each start and end.
-        # At each point, evaluate which type of end it is, to determine
-        # how to build up the output intervals.
-        self_interval = None
-        other_interval = None
-        out_start = None
-        for (ts, k, i) in imerge(self_iter, other_iter):
-            if k == 0:
-                # start self interval
-                self_interval = i
-                if other_interval is None:
-                    out_start = ts
-            elif k == 1:
-                # start other interval
-                other_interval = i
-                if out_start is not None and out_start != ts:
-                    yield self_interval.subset(out_start, ts)
-                out_start = None
-            elif k == 2:
-                # end self interval
-                if out_start is not None and out_start != ts:
-                    yield self_interval.subset(out_start, ts)
-                out_start = None
-                self_interval = None
-            elif k == 3:
-                # end other interval
-                other_interval = None
-                if self_interval:
-                    out_start = ts
 
     cpdef intersects(self, Interval other):
         """Return True if this IntervalSet intersects another interval"""
@@ -372,7 +318,7 @@ cdef class IntervalSet:
                 return True
         return False
 
-    def find_end(self, double t):
+    def find_end(self, timestamp_t t):
         """
         Return an Interval from this tree that ends at time t, or
         None if it doesn't exist.

nilmdb/server/layout.pyx

@@ -1,201 +0,0 @@
-# cython: profile=False
-
-import time
-import sys
-import inspect
-import cStringIO
-
-cdef enum:
-    max_value_count = 64
-
-cimport cython
-cimport libc.stdlib
-cimport libc.stdio
-cimport libc.string
-
-class ParserError(Exception):
-    def __init__(self, line, message):
-        self.message = "line " + str(line) + ": " + message
-        Exception.__init__(self, self.message)
-
-class FormatterError(Exception):
-    pass
-
-class Layout:
-    """Represents a NILM database layout"""
-
-    def __init__(self, typestring):
-        """Initialize this Layout object to handle the specified
-        type string"""
-        try:
-            [ datatype, count ] = typestring.split("_")
-        except:
-            raise KeyError("invalid layout string")
-
-        try:
-            self.count = int(count)
-        except ValueError:
-            raise KeyError("invalid count")
-        if self.count < 1 or self.count > max_value_count:
-            raise KeyError("invalid count")
-
-        if datatype == 'uint16':
-            self.parse = self.parse_uint16
-            self.format_str = "%.6f" + " %d" * self.count
-            self.format = self.format_generic
-        elif datatype == 'float32':
-            self.parse = self.parse_float64
-            self.format_str = "%.6f" + " %.6e" * self.count
-            self.format = self.format_generic
-        elif datatype == 'float64':
-            self.parse = self.parse_float64
-            self.format_str = "%.6f" + " %.16e" * self.count
-            self.format = self.format_generic
-        else:
-            raise KeyError("invalid type")
-
-        self.datatype = datatype
-
-    # Parsers
-    def parse_float64(self, char *text):
-        cdef int n
-        cdef double ts
-        # Return doubles even in float32 case, since they're going into
-        # a Python array which would upconvert to double anyway.
-        result = [0] * (self.count + 1)
-        cdef char *end
-        ts = libc.stdlib.strtod(text, &end)
-        if end == text:
-            raise ValueError("bad timestamp")
-        result[0] = ts
-        for n in range(self.count):
-            text = end
-            result[n+1] = libc.stdlib.strtod(text, &end)
-            if end == text:
-                raise ValueError("wrong number of values")
-        n = 0
-        while end[n] == ' ':
-            n += 1
-        if end[n] != '\n' and end[n] != '#' and end[n] != '\0':
-            raise ValueError("extra data on line")
-        return (ts, result)
-
-    def parse_uint16(self, char *text):
-        cdef int n
-        cdef double ts
-        cdef int v
-        cdef char *end
-        result = [0] * (self.count + 1)
-        ts = libc.stdlib.strtod(text, &end)
-        if end == text:
-            raise ValueError("bad timestamp")
-        result[0] = ts
-        for n in range(self.count):
-            text = end
-            v = libc.stdlib.strtol(text, &end, 10)
-            if v < 0 or v > 65535:
-                raise ValueError("value out of range")
-            result[n+1] = v
-            if end == text:
-                raise ValueError("wrong number of values")
-        n = 0
-        while end[n] == ' ':
-            n += 1
-        if end[n] != '\n' and end[n] != '#' and end[n] != '\0':
-            raise ValueError("extra data on line")
-        return (ts, result)
-
-    # Formatters
-    def format_generic(self, d):
-        n = len(d) - 1
-        if n != self.count:
-            raise ValueError("wrong number of values for layout type: "
-                             "got %d, wanted %d" % (n, self.count))
-        return (self.format_str % tuple(d)) + "\n"
-
-# Get a layout by name
-def get_named(typestring):
-    try:
-        return Layout(typestring)
-    except KeyError:
-        compat = { "PrepData": "float32_8",
-                   "RawData": "uint16_6",
-                   "RawNotchedData": "uint16_9" }
-        return Layout(compat[typestring])
-
-class Parser(object):
-    """Object that parses and stores ASCII data for inclusion into the
-    database"""
-
-    def __init__(self, layout):
-        if issubclass(layout.__class__, Layout):
-            self.layout = layout
-        else:
-            try:
-                self.layout = get_named(layout)
-            except KeyError:
-                raise TypeError("unknown layout")
-
-        self.data = []
-        self.min_timestamp = None
-        self.max_timestamp = None
-
-    def parse(self, textdata):
-        """
-        Parse the data, provided as lines of text, using the current
-        layout, into an internal data structure suitable for a
-        pytables 'table.append(parser.data)'.
-        """
-        cdef double last_ts = -1e12, ts
-        cdef int n = 0, i
-        cdef char *line
-
-        indata = cStringIO.StringIO(textdata)
-        # Assume any parsing error is a real error.
-        # In the future we might want to skip completely empty lines,
-        # or partial lines right before EOF?
-        try:
-            self.data = []
-            for pyline in indata:
-                line = pyline
-                n += 1
-                if line[0] == '\#':
-                    continue
-                (ts, row) = self.layout.parse(line)
-                if ts <= last_ts:
-                    raise ValueError("timestamp is not "
-                                     "monotonically increasing")
-                last_ts = ts
-                self.data.append(row)
-        except (ValueError, IndexError, TypeError) as e:
-            raise ParserError(n, "error: " + e.message)
-
-        # Mark timestamp ranges
-        if len(self.data):
-            self.min_timestamp = self.data[0][0]
-            self.max_timestamp = self.data[-1][0]
-
-class Formatter(object):
-    """Object that formats database data into ASCII"""
-
-    def __init__(self, layout):
-        if issubclass(layout.__class__, Layout):
-            self.layout = layout
-        else:
-            try:
-                self.layout = get_named(layout)
-            except KeyError:
-                raise TypeError("unknown layout")
-
-    def format(self, data):
-        """
-        Format raw data from the database, using the current layout,
-        as lines of ACSII text.
-        """
-        text = cStringIO.StringIO()
-        try:
-            for row in data:
-                text.write(self.layout.format(row))
-        except (ValueError, IndexError, TypeError) as e:
-            raise FormatterError("formatting error: " + e.message)
-        return text.getvalue()

nilmdb/server/nilmdb.py

@@ -7,20 +7,19 @@ Object that represents a NILM database file.
 Manages both the SQL database and the table storage backend.
 """
 
-# Need absolute_import so that "import nilmdb" won't pull in
-# nilmdb.py, but will pull the parent nilmdb module instead.
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-import nilmdb.utils
-from nilmdb.utils.printf import *
-from nilmdb.server.interval import (Interval, DBInterval,
-                                    IntervalSet, IntervalError)
-from nilmdb.server import bulkdata
-from nilmdb.server.errors import NilmDBError, StreamError, OverlapError
-
-import sqlite3
 import os
 import errno
-import bisect
+import sqlite3
+
+import nilmdb.utils
+from nilmdb.utils.printf import printf
+from nilmdb.utils.time import timestamp_to_bytes
+
+from nilmdb.utils.interval import IntervalError
+from nilmdb.server.interval import Interval, DBInterval, IntervalSet
+
+from nilmdb.server import bulkdata
+from nilmdb.server.errors import NilmDBError, StreamError, OverlapError
 
 # Note about performance and transactions:
 #
@@ -35,10 +34,10 @@ import bisect
 # seems that 'PRAGMA synchronous=NORMAL' and 'PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL'
 # give an equivalent speedup more safely.  That is what is used here.
 _sql_schema_updates = {
-    0: """
+    0: {"next": 1, "sql": """
     -- All streams
     CREATE TABLE streams(
-    	id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,		-- stream ID
+        id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,		-- stream ID
         path TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,	-- path, e.g. '/newton/prep'
         layout TEXT NOT NULL		-- layout name, e.g. float32_8
     );
@@ -59,24 +58,47 @@ _sql_schema_updates = {
         end_pos INTEGER NOT NULL
     );
     CREATE INDEX _ranges_index ON ranges (stream_id, start_time, end_time);
-    """,
+    """},
 
-    1: """
+    1: {"next": 3, "sql": """
     -- Generic dictionary-type metadata that can be associated with a stream
     CREATE TABLE metadata(
-    	stream_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+        stream_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
         key TEXT NOT NULL,
         value TEXT
     );
-    """,
+    """},
+
+    2: {"error": "old format with floating-point timestamps requires "
+        "nilmdb 1.3.1 or older"},
+
+    3: {"next": None},
 }
 
+
 @nilmdb.utils.must_close()
-class NilmDB(object):
+class NilmDB():
     verbose = 0
 
-    def __init__(self, basepath, max_results=None,
+    def __init__(self, basepath,
+                 max_results=None,
+                 max_removals=None,
+                 max_int_removals=None,
                  bulkdata_args=None):
+        """Initialize NilmDB at the given basepath.
+        Other arguments are for debugging / testing:
+
+        'max_results' is the max rows to send in a single
+        stream_intervals or stream_extract response.
+
+        'max_removals' is the max rows to delete at once
+        in stream_remove.
+
+        'max_int_removals' is the max intervals to delete
+        at once in stream_remove.
+
+        'bulkdata_args' is kwargs for the bulkdata module.
+        """
         if bulkdata_args is None:
             bulkdata_args = {}
 
@@ -95,19 +117,26 @@ class NilmDB(object):
 
         # SQLite database too
         sqlfilename = os.path.join(self.basepath, "data.sql")
-        self.con = sqlite3.connect(sqlfilename, check_same_thread = True)
+        self.con = sqlite3.connect(sqlfilename, check_same_thread=True)
-        self._sql_schema_update()
+        try:
+            self._sql_schema_update()
+        except Exception:
+            self.data.close()
+            raise
 
         # See big comment at top about the performance implications of this
         self.con.execute("PRAGMA synchronous=NORMAL")
         self.con.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL")
 
         # Approximate largest number of elements that we want to send
-        # in a single reply (for stream_intervals, stream_extract)
+        # in a single reply (for stream_intervals, stream_extract).
-        if max_results:
+        self.max_results = max_results or 16384
-            self.max_results = max_results
+
-        else:
+        # Remove up to this many rows per call to stream_remove.
-            self.max_results = 16384
+        self.max_removals = max_removals or 1048576
+
+        # Remove up to this many intervals per call to stream_remove.
+        self.max_int_removals = max_int_removals or 4096
 
     def get_basepath(self):
         return self.basepath
@@ -116,6 +145,7 @@ class NilmDB(object):
         if self.con:
             self.con.commit()
             self.con.close()
+            self.con = None
         self.data.close()
 
     def _sql_schema_update(self):
@@ -123,11 +153,20 @@ class NilmDB(object):
         version = cur.execute("PRAGMA user_version").fetchone()[0]
         oldversion = version
 
-        while version in _sql_schema_updates:
+        while True:
-            cur.executescript(_sql_schema_updates[version])
+            if version not in _sql_schema_updates:
-            version = version + 1
+                raise Exception(self.basepath + ": unknown database version "
-            if self.verbose: # pragma: no cover
+                                + str(version))
-                printf("Schema updated to %d\n", version)
+            update = _sql_schema_updates[version]
+            if "error" in update:
+                raise Exception(self.basepath + ": can't use database version "
+                                + str(version) + ": " + update["error"])
+            if update["next"] is None:
+                break
+            cur.executescript(update["sql"])
+            version = update["next"]
+            if self.verbose:
+                printf("Database schema updated to %d\n", version)
 
         if version != oldversion:
             with self.con:
@@ -135,14 +174,14 @@ class NilmDB(object):
 
     def _check_user_times(self, start, end):
         if start is None:
-            start = -1e12
+            start = nilmdb.utils.time.min_timestamp
         if end is None:
-            end = 1e12
+            end = nilmdb.utils.time.max_timestamp
         if start >= end:
             raise NilmDBError("start must precede end")
         return (start, end)
 
-    @nilmdb.utils.lru_cache(size = 16)
+    @nilmdb.utils.lru_cache(size=64)
     def _get_intervals(self, stream_id):
         """
         Return a mutable IntervalSet corresponding to the given stream ID.
@@ -157,7 +196,7 @@ class NilmDB(object):
                 iset += DBInterval(start_time, end_time,
                                    start_time, end_time,
                                    start_pos, end_pos)
-        except IntervalError: # pragma: no cover
+        except IntervalError:
             raise NilmDBError("unexpected overlap in ranges table!")
 
         return iset
@@ -184,21 +223,17 @@ class NilmDB(object):
         # Load this stream's intervals
         iset = self._get_intervals(stream_id)
 
-        # Check for overlap
-        if iset.intersects(interval): # pragma: no cover (gets caught earlier)
-            raise NilmDBError("new interval overlaps existing data")
-
         # Check for adjacency.  If there's a stream in the database
         # that ends exactly when this one starts, and the database
         # rows match up, we can make one interval that covers the
         # time range [adjacent.start -> interval.end)
         # and database rows [ adjacent.start_pos -> end_pos ].
         # Only do this if the resulting interval isn't too large.
-        max_merged_rows = 8000 * 60 * 60 * 1.05 # 1.05 hours at 8 KHz
+        max_merged_rows = 8000 * 60 * 60 * 1.05  # 1.05 hours at 8 KHz
         adjacent = iset.find_end(interval.start)
         if (adjacent is not None and
-            start_pos == adjacent.db_endpos and
+                start_pos == adjacent.db_endpos and
-            (end_pos - adjacent.db_startpos) < max_merged_rows):
+                (end_pos - adjacent.db_startpos) < max_merged_rows):
             # First delete the old one, both from our iset and the
             # database
             iset -= adjacent
@@ -230,10 +265,6 @@ class NilmDB(object):
          original: original DBInterval; must be already present in DB
         to_remove: DBInterval to remove; must be subset of 'original'
         """
-        # Just return if we have nothing to remove
-        if remove.start == remove.end: # pragma: no cover
-            return
-
         # Load this stream's intervals
         iset = self._get_intervals(stream_id)
 
@@ -248,7 +279,8 @@ class NilmDB(object):
         # the removed piece was in the middle.
         def add(iset, start, end, start_pos, end_pos):
             iset += DBInterval(start, end, start, end, start_pos, end_pos)
-            self._sql_interval_insert(stream_id, start, end, start_pos, end_pos)
+            self._sql_interval_insert(stream_id, start, end,
+                                      start_pos, end_pos)
 
         if original.start != remove.start:
             # Interval before the removed region
@@ -265,7 +297,7 @@ class NilmDB(object):
 
         return
 
-    def stream_list(self, path = None, layout = None, extended = False):
+    def stream_list(self, path=None, layout=None, extended=False):
         """Return list of lists of all streams in the database.
 
         If path is specified, include only streams with a path that
@@ -274,17 +306,17 @@ class NilmDB(object):
         If layout is specified, include only streams with a layout
         that matches the given string.
 
-        If extended = False, returns a list of lists containing
+        If extended=False, returns a list of lists containing
         the path and layout: [ path, layout ]
 
-        If extended = True, returns a list of lists containing
+        If extended=True, returns a list of lists containing
         more information:
            path
            layout
            interval_min (earliest interval start)
            interval_max (latest interval end)
            rows         (total number of rows of data)
-           seconds      (total time covered by this stream)
+           time         (total time covered by this stream, in timestamp units)
         """
         params = ()
         query = "SELECT streams.path, streams.layout"
@@ -304,25 +336,25 @@ class NilmDB(object):
             params += (path,)
         query += " GROUP BY streams.id ORDER BY streams.path"
         result = self.con.execute(query, params).fetchall()
-        return [ list(x) for x in result ]
+        return [list(x) for x in result]
 
-    def stream_intervals(self, path, start = None, end = None, diffpath = None):
+    def stream_intervals(self, path, start=None, end=None, diffpath=None):
         """
         List all intervals in 'path' between 'start' and 'end'.  If
         'diffpath' is not none, list instead the set-difference
         between the intervals in the two streams; i.e. all interval
-        ranges that are present in 'path' but not 'path2'.
+        ranges that are present in 'path' but not 'diffpath'.
 
         Returns (intervals, restart) tuple.
 
-        intervals is a list of [start,end] timestamps of all intervals
+        'intervals' is a list of [start,end] timestamps of all intervals
         that exist for path, between start and end.
 
-        restart, if nonzero, means that there were too many results to
+        'restart', if not None, means that there were too many results
-        return in a single request.  The data is complete from the
+        to return in a single request.  The data is complete from the
-        starting timestamp to the point at which it was truncated,
+        starting timestamp to the point at which it was truncated, and
-        and a new request with a start time of 'restart' will fetch
+        a new request with a start time of 'restart' will fetch the
-        the next block of data.
+        next block of data.
         """
         stream_id = self._stream_id(path)
         intervals = self._get_intervals(stream_id)
@@ -333,7 +365,9 @@ class NilmDB(object):
         requested = Interval(start, end)
         result = []
         if diffpath:
-            getter = intervals.set_difference(diffintervals, requested)
+            getter = nilmdb.utils.interval.set_difference(
+                intervals.intersection(requested),
+                diffintervals.intersection(requested))
         else:
             getter = intervals.intersection(requested)
         for n, i in enumerate(getter):
@@ -342,7 +376,7 @@ class NilmDB(object):
                 break
             result.append([i.start, i.end])
         else:
-            restart = 0
+            restart = None
         return (result, restart)
 
     def stream_create(self, path, layout_name):
@@ -376,8 +410,8 @@ class NilmDB(object):
 
     def stream_set_metadata(self, path, data):
         """Set stream metadata from a dictionary, e.g.
-           { description = 'Downstairs lighting',
+           { description: 'Downstairs lighting',
-             v_scaling = 123.45 }
+             v_scaling: 123.45 }
            This replaces all existing metadata.
            """
         stream_id = self._stream_id(path)
@@ -405,29 +439,50 @@ class NilmDB(object):
         data.update(newdata)
         self.stream_set_metadata(path, data)
 
+    def stream_rename(self, oldpath, newpath):
+        """Rename a stream."""
+        stream_id = self._stream_id(oldpath)
+
+        # Rename the data
+        self.data.rename(oldpath, newpath)
+
+        # Rename the stream in the database
+        with self.con as con:
+            con.execute("UPDATE streams SET path=? WHERE id=?",
+                        (newpath, stream_id))
+
     def stream_destroy(self, path):
-        """Fully remove a table and all of its data from the database.
+        """Fully remove a table from the database.  Fails if there are
-        No way to undo it!  Metadata is removed."""
+        any intervals data present; remove them first.  Metadata is
+        also removed."""
         stream_id = self._stream_id(path)
 
-        # Delete the cached interval data (if it was cached)
+        # Verify that no intervals are present, and clear the cache
+        iset = self._get_intervals(stream_id)
+        if iset:
+            raise NilmDBError("all intervals must be removed before "
+                              "destroying a stream")
         self._get_intervals.cache_remove(self, stream_id)
 
-        # Delete the data
+        # Delete the bulkdata storage
         self.data.destroy(path)
 
-        # Delete metadata, stream, intervals
+        # Delete metadata, stream, intervals (should be none)
         with self.con as con:
             con.execute("DELETE FROM metadata WHERE stream_id=?", (stream_id,))
             con.execute("DELETE FROM ranges WHERE stream_id=?", (stream_id,))
             con.execute("DELETE FROM streams WHERE id=?", (stream_id,))
 
-    def stream_insert(self, path, start, end, data):
+    def stream_insert(self, path, start, end, data, binary=False):
         """Insert new data into the database.
            path: Path at which to add the data
            start: Starting timestamp
            end: Ending timestamp
            data: Textual data, formatted according to the layout of path
+
+           'binary', if True, means that 'data' is raw binary:
+           little-endian, matching the current table's layout,
+           including the int64 timestamp.
            """
         # First check for basic overlap using timestamp info given.
         stream_id = self._stream_id(path)
@@ -441,7 +496,7 @@ class NilmDB(object):
         # there are any parse errors.
         table = self.data.getnode(path)
         row_start = table.nrows
-        table.append_string(data, start, end)
+        table.append_data(data, start, end, binary)
         row_end = table.nrows
 
         # Insert the record into the sql database.
@@ -450,6 +505,17 @@ class NilmDB(object):
         # And that's all
         return
 
+    def _bisect_left(self, a, x, lo, hi):
+        # Like bisect.bisect_left, but doesn't choke on large indices on
+        # 32-bit systems, like bisect's fast C implementation does.
+        while lo < hi:
+            mid = (lo + hi) // 2
+            if a[mid] < x:
+                lo = mid + 1
+            else:
+                hi = mid
+        return lo
+
     def _find_start(self, table, dbinterval):
         """
         Given a DBInterval, find the row in the database that
@@ -460,10 +526,10 @@ class NilmDB(object):
         # Optimization for the common case where an interval wasn't truncated
         if dbinterval.start == dbinterval.db_start:
             return dbinterval.db_startpos
-        return bisect.bisect_left(bulkdata.TimestampOnlyTable(table),
+        return self._bisect_left(table,
-                                  dbinterval.start,
+                                 dbinterval.start,
-                                  dbinterval.db_startpos,
+                                 dbinterval.db_startpos,
-                                  dbinterval.db_endpos)
+                                 dbinterval.db_endpos)
 
     def _find_end(self, table, dbinterval):
         """
@@ -479,28 +545,36 @@ class NilmDB(object):
         # want to include the given timestamp in the results.  This is
         # so a queries like 1:00 -> 2:00 and 2:00 -> 3:00 return
         # non-overlapping data.
-        return bisect.bisect_left(bulkdata.TimestampOnlyTable(table),
+        return self._bisect_left(table,
-                                  dbinterval.end,
+                                 dbinterval.end,
-                                  dbinterval.db_startpos,
+                                 dbinterval.db_startpos,
-                                  dbinterval.db_endpos)
+                                 dbinterval.db_endpos)
 
-    def stream_extract(self, path, start = None, end = None, count = False):
+    def stream_extract(self, path, start=None, end=None,
+                       count=False, markup=False, binary=False):
         """
         Returns (data, restart) tuple.
 
-        data is ASCII-formatted data from the database, formatted
+        'data' is ASCII-formatted data from the database, formatted
         according to the layout of the stream.
 
-        restart, if nonzero, means that there were too many results to
+        'restart', if not None, means that there were too many results to
         return in a single request.  The data is complete from the
         starting timestamp to the point at which it was truncated,
         and a new request with a start time of 'restart' will fetch
         the next block of data.
 
-        count, if true, means to not return raw data, but just the count
+        'count', if true, means to not return raw data, but just the count
         of rows that would have been returned.  This is much faster
         than actually fetching the data.  It is not limited by
         max_results.
+
+        'markup', if true, indicates that returned data should be
+        marked with a comment denoting when a particular interval
+        starts, and another comment when an interval ends.
+
+        'binary', if true, means to return raw binary rather than
+        ASCII-formatted data.
         """
         stream_id = self._stream_id(path)
         table = self.data.getnode(path)
@@ -510,7 +584,9 @@ class NilmDB(object):
         result = []
         matched = 0
         remaining = self.max_results
-        restart = 0
+        restart = None
+        if binary and (markup or count):
+            raise NilmDBError("binary mode can't be used with markup or count")
         for interval in intervals.intersection(requested):
             # Reading single rows from the table is too slow, so
             # we use two bisections to find both the starting and
@@ -527,27 +603,48 @@ class NilmDB(object):
             row_max = row_start + remaining
             if row_max < row_end:
                 row_end = row_max
-                restart = table[row_max][0]
+                restart = table[row_max]
+
+            # Add markup
+            if markup:
+                result.append(b"# interval-start " +
+                              timestamp_to_bytes(interval.start) + b"\n")
 
             # Gather these results up
-            result.append(table.get_as_text(row_start, row_end))
+            result.append(table.get_data(row_start, row_end, binary))
 
             # Count them
             remaining -= row_end - row_start
 
-            if restart:
+            # Add markup, and exit if restart is set.
+            if restart is not None:
+                if markup:
+                    result.append(b"# interval-end " +
+                                  timestamp_to_bytes(restart) + b"\n")
                 break
+            if markup:
+                result.append(b"# interval-end " +
+                              timestamp_to_bytes(interval.end) + b"\n")
 
         if count:
             return matched
-        return ("".join(result), restart)
+        full_result = b"".join(result)
+        return (full_result, restart)
 
-    def stream_remove(self, path, start = None, end = None):
+    def stream_remove(self, path, start=None, end=None):
         """
         Remove data from the specified time interval within a stream.
-        Removes all data in the interval [start, end), and intervals
+
-        are truncated or split appropriately.  Returns the number of
+        Removes data in the interval [start, end), and intervals are
-        data points removed.
+        truncated or split appropriately.
+
+        Returns a (removed, restart) tuple.
+
+        'removed' is the number of data points that were removed.
+
+        'restart', if not None, means there were too many rows to
+        remove in a single request.  This function should be called
+        again with a start time of 'restart' to complete the removal.
         """
         stream_id = self._stream_id(path)
         table = self.data.getnode(path)
@@ -555,16 +652,34 @@ class NilmDB(object):
         (start, end) = self._check_user_times(start, end)
         to_remove = Interval(start, end)
         removed = 0
+        remaining = self.max_removals
+        int_remaining = self.max_int_removals
+        restart = None
 
         # Can't remove intervals from within the iterator, so we need to
         # remember what's currently in the intersection now.
-        all_candidates = list(intervals.intersection(to_remove, orig = True))
+        all_candidates = list(intervals.intersection(to_remove, orig=True))
+
+        remove_start = None
+        remove_end = None
 
         for (dbint, orig) in all_candidates:
+            # Stop if we've hit the max number of interval removals
+            if int_remaining <= 0:
+                restart = dbint.start
+                break
+
             # Find row start and end
             row_start = self._find_start(table, dbint)
             row_end = self._find_end(table, dbint)
 
+            # Shorten it if we'll hit the maximum number of removals
+            row_max = row_start + remaining
+            if row_max < row_end:
+                row_end = row_max
+                dbint.end = table[row_max]
+                restart = dbint.end
+
             # Adjust the DBInterval to match the newly found ends
             dbint.db_start = dbint.start
             dbint.db_end = dbint.end
@@ -574,10 +689,29 @@ class NilmDB(object):
             # Remove interval from the database
             self._remove_interval(stream_id, orig, dbint)
 
-            # Remove data from the underlying table storage
+            # Remove data from the underlying table storage,
-            table.remove(row_start, row_end)
+            # coalescing adjacent removals to reduce the number of calls
+            # to table.remove.
+            if remove_end == row_start:
+                # Extend our coalesced region
+                remove_end = row_end
+            else:
+                # Perform previous removal, then save this one
+                if remove_end is not None:
+                    table.remove(remove_start, remove_end)
+                remove_start = row_start
+                remove_end = row_end
 
             # Count how many were removed
             removed += row_end - row_start
+            remaining -= row_end - row_start
+            int_remaining -= 1
 
-        return removed
+            if restart is not None:
+                break
+
+        # Perform any final coalesced removal
+        if remove_end is not None:
+            table.remove(remove_start, remove_end)
+
+        return (removed, restart)

nilmdb/server/pyrocket.py

@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-# Python implementation of the "rocket" data parsing interface.
-# This interface translates between the binary format on disk
-# and the ASCII format used when communicating with clients.
-
-# This is slow!  Use the C version instead.
-
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-import struct
-import cStringIO
-import itertools
-from . import layout as _layout
-import nilmdb.utils
-from nilmdb.utils.time import float_time_to_string as ftts
-
-ERR_UNKNOWN = 0
-ERR_NON_MONOTONIC = 1
-ERR_OUT_OF_INTERVAL = 2
-class ParseError(Exception):
-    pass
-
-@nilmdb.utils.must_close(wrap_verify = False)
-class Rocket(object):
-    def __init__(self, layout, filename):
-        self.layout = layout
-        if filename:
-            self.file = open(filename, "a+b")
-        else:
-            self.file = None
-
-        # For packing/unpacking into a binary file.
-        # This will change in the C version
-        try:
-            (self.ltype, lcount) = layout.split('_', 2)
-            self.lcount = int(lcount)
-        except:
-            raise ValueError("no such layout: badly formatted string")
-        if self.lcount < 1:
-            raise ValueError("no such layout: bad count")
-        try:
-            struct_fmt = '<d'  # Little endian, double timestamp
-            struct_mapping = {
-                "int8": 'b',
-                "uint8": 'B',
-                "int16": 'h',
-                "uint16": 'H',
-                "int32": 'i',
-                "uint32": 'I',
-                "int64": 'q',
-                "uint64": 'Q',
-                "float32": 'f',
-                "float64": 'd',
-                }
-            struct_fmt += struct_mapping[self.ltype] * self.lcount
-        except KeyError:
-            raise ValueError("no such layout: bad data type")
-        self.packer = struct.Struct(struct_fmt)
-
-        # For packing/unpacking from strings.
-        self.layoutparser = _layout.Layout(self.layout)
-        self.formatter = _layout.Formatter(self.layout)
-
-    def close(self):
-        if self.file:
-            self.file.close()
-
-    @property
-    def binary_size(self):
-        """Return size of one row of data in the binary file, in bytes"""
-        return self.packer.size
-
-    def append_iter(self, maxrows, data):
-        """Append the list data to the file"""
-        # We assume the file is opened in append mode,
-        # so all writes go to the end.
-        written = 0
-        for row in itertools.islice(data, maxrows):
-            self.file.write(self.packer.pack(*row))
-            written += 1
-        self.file.flush()
-        return written
-
-    def append_string(self, count, data, data_offset, linenum,
-                      start, end, last_timestamp):
-        """Parse string and append data.
-
-          count: maximum number of rows to add
-          data: string data
-          data_offset: byte offset into data to start parsing
-          linenum: current line number of data
-          start: starting timestamp for interval
-          end: end timestamp for interval
-          last_timestamp: last timestamp that was previously parsed
-
-        Raises ParseError if timestamps are non-monotonic, outside the
-        start/end interval, etc.
-
-        On success, return a tuple with three values:
-          added_rows: how many rows were added from the file
-          data_offset: current offset into the data string
-          last_timestamp: last timestamp we parsed
-        """
-        # Parse the input data
-        indata = cStringIO.StringIO(data)
-        indata.seek(data_offset)
-        written = 0
-        while written < count:
-            line = indata.readline()
-            linenum += 1
-            if line == "":
-                break
-            comment = line.find('#')
-            if comment >= 0:
-                line = line.split('#', 1)[0]
-            line = line.strip()
-            if line == "":
-                continue
-            try:
-                (ts, row) = self.layoutparser.parse(line)
-            except ValueError as e:
-                raise ParseError(linenum, 0, ERR_UNKNOWN, e)
-            if ts <= last_timestamp:
-                raise ParseError(linenum, 0, ERR_NON_MONOTONIC, ts)
-            last_timestamp = ts
-            if ts < start or ts >= end:
-                raise ParseError(linenum, 0, ERR_OUT_OF_INTERVAL, ts)
-            self.append_iter(1, [row])
-            written += 1
-        return (written, indata.tell(), last_timestamp, linenum)
-
-    def extract_list(self, offset, count):
-        """Extract count rows of data from the file at offset offset.
-        Return a list of lists [[row],[row],...]"""
-        ret = []
-        self.file.seek(offset)
-        for i in xrange(count):
-            data = self.file.read(self.binary_size)
-            ret.append(list(self.packer.unpack(data)))
-        return ret
-
-    def extract_string(self, offset, count):
-        """Extract count rows of data from the file at offset offset.
-        Return an ascii formatted string according to the layout"""
-        return self.formatter.format(self.extract_list(offset, count))

nilmdb/server/rbtree.pxd

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# cython: language_level=2
+
 cdef class RBNode:
     cdef public object obj
     cdef public double start, end

nilmdb/server/rbtree.pyx

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # cython: profile=False
 # cython: cdivision=True
+# cython: language_level=2
 
 """
 Jim Paris <jim@jtan.com>

nilmdb/server/rocket.c

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+#define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
 /* Values missing from stdint.h */
 #define UINT8_MIN 0
 #define UINT16_MIN 0
@@ -17,9 +20,11 @@
 #define FLOAT64_MIN 0
 #define FLOAT64_MAX 0
 
+typedef int64_t timestamp_t;
+
 /* Somewhat arbitrary, just so we can use fixed sizes for strings
    etc. */
-static const int MAX_LAYOUT_COUNT = 128;
+static const int MAX_LAYOUT_COUNT = 1024;
 
 /* Error object and constants */
 static PyObject *ParseError;
@@ -46,10 +51,10 @@ static PyObject *raise_str(int line, int col, int code, const char *string)
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }
-static PyObject *raise_num(int line, int col, int code, double num)
+static PyObject *raise_int(int line, int col, int code, int64_t num)
 {
 	PyObject *o;
-	o = Py_BuildValue("(iiid)", line, col, code, num);
+	o = Py_BuildValue("(iiiL)", line, col, code, (long long)num);
 	if (o != NULL) {
 		PyErr_SetObject(ParseError, o);
 		Py_DECREF(o);
@@ -133,7 +138,7 @@ static void Rocket_dealloc(Rocket *self)
 		fclose(self->file);
 		self->file = NULL;
 	}
-	self->ob_type->tp_free((PyObject *)self);
+	Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free((PyObject *)self);
 }
 
 static PyObject *Rocket_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
@@ -155,13 +160,19 @@ static PyObject *Rocket_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 static int Rocket_init(Rocket *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
 	const char *layout, *path;
+        int pathlen;
 	static char *kwlist[] = { "layout", "file", NULL };
-	if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "sz", kwlist,
+	if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "sz#", kwlist,
-					 &layout, &path))
+					 &layout, &path, &pathlen))
 		return -1;
 	if (!layout)
 		return -1;
 	if (path) {
+                if (strlen(path) != (size_t)pathlen) {
+                        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "path must not "
+                                        "contain NUL characters");
+                        return -1;
+                }
 		if ((self->file = fopen(path, "a+b")) == NULL) {
 			PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
 			return -1;
@@ -234,117 +245,17 @@ static PyObject *Rocket_get_file_size(Rocket *self)
 			return NULL;
 		}
 	}
-	return PyInt_FromLong(self->file_size);
+	return PyLong_FromLong(self->file_size);
-}
-
-/****
- * Append from iterator
- */
-
-/* Helper for writing Python objects to the file */
-static inline void append_pyobject(FILE *out, PyObject *val, layout_type_t type)
-{
-	union8_t t8;
-	union16_t t16;
-	union32_t t32;
-	union64_t t64;
-	int ret = 0;
-
-	switch (type) {
-#define CASE(type, pyconvert, pytype, disktype, htole, bytes)	     \
-		case LAYOUT_TYPE_##type:			     \
-			pytype = pyconvert(val);		     \
-			if (PyErr_Occurred())			     \
-				return;				     \
-			disktype = htole(disktype);		     \
-			ret = fwrite(&disktype, bytes, 1, out);	     \
-			break
-		CASE(INT8,   PyInt_AsLong, t8.i,  t8.u,         , 1);
-		CASE(UINT8,  PyInt_AsLong, t8.u,  t8.u,         , 1);
-		CASE(INT16,  PyInt_AsLong, t16.i, t16.u, htole16, 2);
-		CASE(UINT16, PyInt_AsLong, t16.u, t16.u, htole16, 2);
-		CASE(INT32,  PyInt_AsLong, t32.i, t32.u, htole32, 4);
-		CASE(UINT32, PyInt_AsLong, t32.u, t32.u, htole32, 4);
-		CASE(INT64,  PyInt_AsLong, t64.i, t64.u, htole64, 8);
-		CASE(UINT64, PyInt_AsLong, t64.u, t64.u, htole64, 8);
-		CASE(FLOAT32, PyFloat_AsDouble, t32.f, t32.u, htole32, 4);
-		CASE(FLOAT64, PyFloat_AsDouble, t64.d, t64.u, htole64, 8);
-#undef CASE
-	default:
-		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "unknown type");
-		return;
-	}
-	if (ret <= 0) {
-		PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
-	}
-}
-/* .append_iter(maxrows, dataiter) */
-static PyObject *Rocket_append_iter(Rocket *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-	int maxrows;
-	PyObject *iter;
-	PyObject *rowlist;
-	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "iO:append_iter", &maxrows, &iter))
-		return NULL;
-	if (!PyIter_Check(iter)) {
-		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "need an iterable");
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	if (!self->file) {
-		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_Exception, "no file");
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	/* Mark file size so that it will get updated next time it's read */
-	self->file_size = -1;
-
-	int row;
-	for (row = 0; row < maxrows; row++) {
-		rowlist = PyIter_Next(iter);
-		if (!rowlist)
-			break;
-		if (!PyList_Check(rowlist)) {
-			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "rows must be lists");
-			goto row_err;
-		}
-		if (PyList_Size(rowlist) != self->layout_count + 1) {
-			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "short row");
-			goto row_err;
-		}
-
-		/* Extract and write timestamp */
-		append_pyobject(self->file, PyList_GetItem(rowlist, 0),
-				LAYOUT_TYPE_FLOAT64);
-		if (PyErr_Occurred())
-			goto row_err;
-
-		/* Extract and write values */
-		int i;
-		for (i = 0; i < self->layout_count; i++) {
-			append_pyobject(self->file,
-					PyList_GetItem(rowlist, i+1),
-					self->layout_type);
-			if (PyErr_Occurred())
-				goto row_err;
-		}
-	}
-	fflush(self->file);
-	/* All done */
-	return PyLong_FromLong(row);
-row_err:
-	fflush(self->file);
-	Py_DECREF(rowlist);
-	return NULL;
 }
 
 /****
  * Append from string
  */
-static inline long int strtol10(const char *nptr, char **endptr) {
+static inline long int strtoll10(const char *nptr, char **endptr) {
-	return strtol(nptr, endptr, 10);
+	return strtoll(nptr, endptr, 10);
 }
-static inline long int strtoul10(const char *nptr, char **endptr) {
+static inline long int strtoull10(const char *nptr, char **endptr) {
-	return strtoul(nptr, endptr, 10);
+	return strtoull(nptr, endptr, 10);
 }
 
 /* .append_string(count, data, offset, linenum, start, end, last_timestamp) */
@@ -355,9 +266,10 @@ static PyObject *Rocket_append_string(Rocket *self, PyObject *args)
 	int offset;
 	const char *linestart;
 	int linenum;
-	double start;
+        long long ll1, ll2, ll3;
-	double end;
+	timestamp_t start;
-	double last_timestamp;
+	timestamp_t end;
+	timestamp_t last_timestamp;
 
 	int written = 0;
 	char *endptr;
@@ -367,14 +279,15 @@ static PyObject *Rocket_append_string(Rocket *self, PyObject *args)
 	union64_t t64;
 	int i;
 
-	/* It would be nice to use 't#' instead of 's' for data,
+        /* Input data is bytes.  Using 'y#' instead of 'y' might be
-	   but we need the null termination for strto*.  If we had
+           preferable, but strto* requires the null terminator. */
-	   strnto* that took a length, we could use t# and not require
+	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "iyiiLLL:append_string", &count,
-	   a copy. */
-	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "isiiddd:append_string", &count,
 			      &data, &offset, &linenum,
-			      &start, &end, &last_timestamp))
+			      &ll1, &ll2, &ll3))
 		return NULL;
+        start = ll1;
+        end = ll2;
+        last_timestamp = ll3;
 
 	/* Skip spaces, but don't skip over a newline. */
 #define SKIP_BLANK(buf) do {			\
@@ -401,17 +314,23 @@ static PyObject *Rocket_append_string(Rocket *self, PyObject *args)
 		}
 
 		/* Extract timestamp */
-		t64.d = strtod(buf, &endptr);
+		t64.i = strtoll(buf, &endptr, 10);
-		if (endptr == buf)
+		if (endptr == buf || !isspace(*endptr)) {
-			return raise_str(linenum, buf - linestart + 1,
+			/* Try parsing as a double instead */
-					 ERR_OTHER, "bad timestamp");
+			t64.d = strtod(buf, &endptr);
-		if (t64.d <= last_timestamp)
+			if (endptr == buf)
-			return raise_num(linenum, buf - linestart + 1,
+				goto bad_timestamp;
-					 ERR_NON_MONOTONIC, t64.d);
+			if (!isspace(*endptr))
-		last_timestamp = t64.d;
+				goto cant_parse_value;
-		if (t64.d < start || t64.d >= end)
+			t64.i = round(t64.d);
-			return raise_num(linenum, buf - linestart + 1,
+		}
-					 ERR_OUT_OF_INTERVAL, t64.d);
+		if (t64.i <= last_timestamp)
+			return raise_int(linenum, buf - linestart + 1,
+					 ERR_NON_MONOTONIC, t64.i);
+		last_timestamp = t64.i;
+		if (t64.i < start || t64.i >= end)
+			return raise_int(linenum, buf - linestart + 1,
+					 ERR_OUT_OF_INTERVAL, t64.i);
 		t64.u = le64toh(t64.u);
 		if (fwrite(&t64.u, 8, 1, self->file) != 1)
 			goto err;
@@ -457,14 +376,14 @@ static PyObject *Rocket_append_string(Rocket *self, PyObject *args)
 				goto extra_data_on_line;		\
 			break
 
-			CS(INT8,   strtol10,  t64.i, t8.i,  t8.u,         , 1);
+			CS(INT8,   strtoll10,  t64.i, t8.i,  t8.u,         , 1);
-			CS(UINT8,  strtoul10, t64.u, t8.u,  t8.u,         , 1);
+			CS(UINT8,  strtoull10, t64.u, t8.u,  t8.u,         , 1);
-			CS(INT16,  strtol10,  t64.i, t16.i, t16.u, le16toh, 2);
+			CS(INT16,  strtoll10,  t64.i, t16.i, t16.u, le16toh, 2);
-			CS(UINT16, strtoul10, t64.u, t16.u, t16.u, le16toh, 2);
+			CS(UINT16, strtoull10, t64.u, t16.u, t16.u, le16toh, 2);
-			CS(INT32,  strtol10,  t64.i, t32.i, t32.u, le32toh, 4);
+			CS(INT32,  strtoll10,  t64.i, t32.i, t32.u, le32toh, 4);
-			CS(UINT32, strtoul10, t64.u, t32.u, t32.u, le32toh, 4);
+			CS(UINT32, strtoull10, t64.u, t32.u, t32.u, le32toh, 4);
-			CS(INT64,  strtol10,  t64.i, t64.i, t64.u, le64toh, 8);
+			CS(INT64,  strtoll10,  t64.i, t64.i, t64.u, le64toh, 8);
-			CS(UINT64, strtoul10, t64.u, t64.u, t64.u, le64toh, 8);
+			CS(UINT64, strtoull10, t64.u, t64.u, t64.u, le64toh, 8);
 			CS(FLOAT32, strtod,   t64.d, t32.f, t32.u, le32toh, 4);
 			CS(FLOAT64, strtod,   t64.d, t64.d, t64.u, le64toh, 8);
 #undef CS
@@ -479,14 +398,18 @@ static PyObject *Rocket_append_string(Rocket *self, PyObject *args)
 
 	fflush(self->file);
 
-	/* Build return value and return*/
+	/* Build return value and return */
 	offset = buf - data;
 	PyObject *o;
-	o = Py_BuildValue("(iidi)", written, offset, last_timestamp, linenum);
+	o = Py_BuildValue("(iiLi)", written, offset,
+                          (long long)last_timestamp, linenum);
 	return o;
 err:
 	PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
 	return NULL;
+bad_timestamp:
+	return raise_str(linenum, buf - linestart + 1,
+			 ERR_OTHER, "bad timestamp");
 cant_parse_value:
 	return raise_str(linenum, buf - linestart + 1,
 			 ERR_OTHER, "can't parse value");
@@ -502,124 +425,91 @@ extra_data_on_line:
 }
 
 /****
- * Extract to Python list
+ * Append from binary data
  */
 
-static int _extract_handle_params(Rocket *self, PyObject *args, long *count)
+/* .append_binary(count, data, offset, linenum, start, end, last_timestamp) */
+static PyObject *Rocket_append_binary(Rocket *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-	long offset;
+        int count;
-	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ll", &offset, count))
+	const uint8_t *data;
-		return -1;
+        int data_len;
-	if (!self->file) {
+        int linenum;
-		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_Exception, "no file");
+	int offset;
-		return -1;
+        long long ll1, ll2, ll3;
-	}
+	timestamp_t start;
-	/* Seek to target location */
+	timestamp_t end;
-	if (fseek(self->file, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+	timestamp_t last_timestamp;
-		PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
-		return -1;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
 
-/* Helper for extracting data from a file as a Python object */
+	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "iy#iiLLL:append_binary",
-static inline void *extract_pyobject(FILE *in, layout_type_t type)
+                              &count, &data, &data_len, &offset,
-{
+                              &linenum, &ll1, &ll2, &ll3))
-	union8_t t8;
-	union16_t t16;
-	union32_t t32;
-	union64_t t64;
-
-	switch (type) {
-#define CASE(type, pyconvert, pytype, disktype, letoh, bytes)		\
-		case LAYOUT_TYPE_##type:				\
-			if (fread(&disktype, bytes, 1, in) <= 0)	\
-				break;					\
-			disktype = letoh(disktype);			\
-			return pyconvert(pytype);			\
-			break
-		CASE(INT8,   PyInt_FromLong, t8.i,  t8.u,         , 1);
-		CASE(UINT8,  PyInt_FromLong, t8.u,  t8.u,         , 1);
-		CASE(INT16,  PyInt_FromLong, t16.i, t16.u, le16toh, 2);
-		CASE(UINT16, PyInt_FromLong, t16.u, t16.u, le16toh, 2);
-		CASE(INT32,  PyInt_FromLong, t32.i, t32.u, le32toh, 4);
-		CASE(UINT32, PyInt_FromLong, t32.u, t32.u, le32toh, 4);
-		CASE(INT64,  PyInt_FromLong, t64.i, t64.u, le64toh, 8);
-		CASE(UINT64, PyInt_FromLong, t64.u, t64.u, le64toh, 8);
-		CASE(FLOAT32, PyFloat_FromDouble, t32.f, t32.u, le32toh, 4);
-		CASE(FLOAT64, PyFloat_FromDouble, t64.d, t64.u, le64toh, 8);
-#undef CASE
-	default:
-		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "unknown type");
 		return NULL;
-	}
+        start = ll1;
-	PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OSError, "failed to read from file");
+        end = ll2;
-	return NULL;
+        last_timestamp = ll3;
-}
 
-static PyObject *Rocket_extract_list(Rocket *self, PyObject *args)
+        /* Advance to offset */
-{
+        if (offset > data_len)
-	long count;
+                return raise_str(0, 0, ERR_OTHER, "bad offset");
-	if (_extract_handle_params(self, args, &count) < 0)
+        data += offset;
-		return NULL;
+        data_len -= offset;
 
-	/* Make a list to return */
+        /* Figure out max number of rows to insert */
-	PyObject *retlist = PyList_New(0);
+        int rows = data_len / self->binary_size;
-	if (!retlist)
+        if (rows > count)
-		return NULL;
+                rows = count;
 
-	/* Read data into new Python lists */
+        /* Check timestamps */
-	int row;
+        timestamp_t ts;
-	for (row = 0; row < count; row++)
+	int i;
-	{
+        for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
-		PyObject *rowlist = PyList_New(self->layout_count + 1);
+                /* Read raw timestamp, byteswap if needed */
-		if (!rowlist) {
+                memcpy(&ts, &data[i * self->binary_size], 8);
-			Py_DECREF(retlist);
+                ts = le64toh(ts);
-			return NULL;
-		}
 
-		/* Timestamp */
+                /* Check limits */
-		PyObject *entry = extract_pyobject(self->file,
+                if (ts <= last_timestamp)
-						   LAYOUT_TYPE_FLOAT64);
+                        return raise_int(i, 0, ERR_NON_MONOTONIC, ts);
-		if (!entry || (PyList_SetItem(rowlist, 0, entry) < 0)) {
+                last_timestamp = ts;
-			Py_DECREF(rowlist);
+                if (ts < start || ts >= end)
-			Py_DECREF(retlist);
+                        return raise_int(i, 0, ERR_OUT_OF_INTERVAL, ts);
-			return NULL;
+        }
-		}
 
-		/* Data */
+        /* Write binary data */
-		int i;
+        if (fwrite(data, self->binary_size, rows, self->file) != (size_t)rows) {
-		for (i = 0; i < self->layout_count; i++) {
+                PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
-			PyObject *ent = extract_pyobject(self->file,
+                return NULL;
-							 self->layout_type);
+        }
-			if (!ent || (PyList_SetItem(rowlist, i+1, ent) < 0)) {
+	fflush(self->file);
-				Py_DECREF(rowlist);
-				Py_DECREF(retlist);
-				return NULL;
-			}
-		}
 
-		/* Add row to return value */
+	/* Build return value and return */
-		if (PyList_Append(retlist, rowlist) < 0) {
+	PyObject *o;
-			Py_DECREF(rowlist);
+	o = Py_BuildValue("(iiLi)", rows, offset + rows * self->binary_size,
-			Py_DECREF(retlist);
+                          (long long)last_timestamp, linenum);
-			return NULL;
+	return o;
-		}
-
-		Py_DECREF(rowlist);
-	}
-	return retlist;
 }
 
 /****
- * Extract to string
+ * Extract to binary bytes object containing ASCII text-formatted data
  */
 
 static PyObject *Rocket_extract_string(Rocket *self, PyObject *args)
 {
 	long count;
-	if (_extract_handle_params(self, args, &count) < 0)
+	long offset;
+
+	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ll", &offset, &count))
 		return NULL;
+	if (!self->file) {
+		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_Exception, "no file");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	/* Seek to target location */
+	if (fseek(self->file, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+		PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
+		return NULL;
+	}
 
 	char *str = NULL, *new;
 	long len_alloc = 0;
@@ -653,8 +543,7 @@ static PyObject *Rocket_extract_string(Rocket *self, PyObject *args)
 		if (fread(&t64.u, 8, 1, self->file) != 1)
 			goto err;
 		t64.u = le64toh(t64.u);
-		/* Timestamps are always printed to the microsecond */
+		ret = sprintf(&str[len], "%" PRId64, t64.i);
-		ret = sprintf(&str[len], "%.6f", t64.d);
 		if (ret <= 0)
 			goto err;
 		len += ret;
@@ -666,7 +555,7 @@ static PyObject *Rocket_extract_string(Rocket *self, PyObject *args)
 			/* read and format in a loop */			\
 			for (i = 0; i < self->layout_count; i++) {	\
 				if (fread(&disktype, bytes,		\
-					  1, self->file) < 0)		\
+					  1, self->file) != 1)		\
 					goto err;			\
 				disktype = letoh(disktype);		\
 				ret = sprintf(&str[len], " " fmt,	\
@@ -676,14 +565,14 @@ static PyObject *Rocket_extract_string(Rocket *self, PyObject *args)
 				len += ret;				\
 			}						\
 			break
-			CASE(INT8,   "%hhd",   t8.i,  t8.u,         , 1);
+			CASE(INT8,   "%" PRId8,  t8.i,  t8.u,         , 1);
-			CASE(UINT8,  "%hhu",   t8.u,  t8.u,         , 1);
+			CASE(UINT8,  "%" PRIu8,  t8.u,  t8.u,         , 1);
-			CASE(INT16,  "%hd",    t16.i, t16.u, le16toh, 2);
+			CASE(INT16,  "%" PRId16, t16.i, t16.u, le16toh, 2);
-			CASE(UINT16, "%hu",    t16.u, t16.u, le16toh, 2);
+			CASE(UINT16, "%" PRIu16, t16.u, t16.u, le16toh, 2);
-			CASE(INT32,  "%d",     t32.i, t32.u, le32toh, 4);
+			CASE(INT32,  "%" PRId32, t32.i, t32.u, le32toh, 4);
-			CASE(UINT32, "%u",     t32.u, t32.u, le32toh, 4);
+			CASE(UINT32, "%" PRIu32, t32.u, t32.u, le32toh, 4);
-			CASE(INT64,  "%ld",    t64.i, t64.u, le64toh, 8);
+			CASE(INT64,  "%" PRId64, t64.i, t64.u, le64toh, 8);
-			CASE(UINT64, "%lu",    t64.u, t64.u, le64toh, 8);
+			CASE(UINT64, "%" PRIu64, t64.u, t64.u, le64toh, 8);
 			/* These next two are a bit debatable.  floats
 			   are 6-9 significant figures, so we print 7.
 			   Doubles are 15-19, so we print 17.  This is
@@ -700,7 +589,7 @@ static PyObject *Rocket_extract_string(Rocket *self, PyObject *args)
 		str[len++] = '\n';
 	}
 
-	PyObject *pystr = PyString_FromStringAndSize(str, len);
+	PyObject *pystr = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(str, len);
 	free(str);
 	return pystr;
 err:
@@ -709,6 +598,73 @@ err:
 	return NULL;
 }
 
+/****
+ * Extract to binary bytes object containing raw little-endian binary data
+ */
+static PyObject *Rocket_extract_binary(Rocket *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+	long count;
+	long offset;
+
+	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ll", &offset, &count))
+		return NULL;
+	if (!self->file) {
+		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_Exception, "no file");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	/* Seek to target location */
+	if (fseek(self->file, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+		PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+        uint8_t *str;
+        int len = count * self->binary_size;
+        str = malloc(len);
+        if (str == NULL) {
+                PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        /* Data in the file is already in the desired little-endian
+           binary format, so just read it directly. */
+        if (fread(str, self->binary_size, count, self->file) != (size_t)count) {
+                free(str);
+                PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+	PyObject *pystr = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)str, len);
+	free(str);
+	return pystr;
+}
+
+/****
+ * Extract timestamp
+ */
+static PyObject *Rocket_extract_timestamp(Rocket *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+	long offset;
+	union64_t t64;
+	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "l", &offset))
+		return NULL;
+	if (!self->file) {
+		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_Exception, "no file");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* Seek to target location and read timestamp */
+	if ((fseek(self->file, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) ||
+	    (fread(&t64.u, 8, 1, self->file) != 1)) {
+		PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* Convert and return */
+	t64.u = le64toh(t64.u);
+	return Py_BuildValue("L", (long long)t64.i);
+}
+
 /****
  * Module and type setup
  */
@@ -726,15 +682,13 @@ static PyMemberDef Rocket_members[] = {
 };
 
 static PyMethodDef Rocket_methods[] = {
-	{ "close", (PyCFunction)Rocket_close, METH_NOARGS,
+	{ "close",
+          (PyCFunction)Rocket_close, METH_NOARGS,
 	  "close(self)\n\n"
 	  "Close file handle" },
 
-	{ "append_iter", (PyCFunction)Rocket_append_iter, METH_VARARGS,
+	{ "append_string",
-	  "append_iter(self, maxrows, iterable)\n\n"
+          (PyCFunction)Rocket_append_string, METH_VARARGS,
-	  "Append up to maxrows of data from iter to the file" },
-
-	{ "append_string", (PyCFunction)Rocket_append_string, METH_VARARGS,
 	  "append_string(self, count, data, offset, line, start, end, ts)\n\n"
           "Parse string and append data.\n"
 	  "\n"
@@ -749,26 +703,56 @@ static PyMethodDef Rocket_methods[] = {
 	  "Raises ParseError if timestamps are non-monotonic, outside\n"
 	  "the start/end interval etc.\n"
 	  "\n"
-          "On success, return a tuple with three values:\n"
+          "On success, return a tuple:\n"
           "  added_rows: how many rows were added from the file\n"
           "  data_offset: current offset into the data string\n"
-          "  last_timestamp: last timestamp we parsed" },
+          "  last_timestamp: last timestamp we parsed\n"
+          "  linenum: current line number" },
 
-	{ "extract_list", (PyCFunction)Rocket_extract_list, METH_VARARGS,
+	{ "append_binary",
-	  "extract_list(self, offset, count)\n\n"
+	  (PyCFunction)Rocket_append_binary, METH_VARARGS,
-	  "Extract count rows of data from the file at offset offset.\n"
+	  "append_binary(self, count, data, offset, line, start, end, ts)\n\n"
-	  "Return a list of lists [[row],[row],...]" },
+          "Append binary data, which must match the data layout.\n"
+	  "\n"
+	  "  count: maximum number of rows to add\n"
+          "  data: binary data\n"
+          "  offset: byte offset into data to start adding\n"
+          "  line: current line number (unused)\n"
+          "  start: starting timestamp for interval\n"
+          "  end: end timestamp for interval\n"
+          "  ts: last timestamp that was previously parsed\n"
+	  "\n"
+	  "Raises ParseError if timestamps are non-monotonic, outside\n"
+	  "the start/end interval etc.\n"
+	  "\n"
+          "On success, return a tuple:\n"
+          "  added_rows: how many rows were added from the file\n"
+          "  data_offset: current offset into the data string\n"
+          "  last_timestamp: last timestamp we parsed\n"
+          "  linenum: current line number (copied from argument)" },
 
-	{ "extract_string", (PyCFunction)Rocket_extract_string, METH_VARARGS,
+	{ "extract_string",
+          (PyCFunction)Rocket_extract_string, METH_VARARGS,
 	  "extract_string(self, offset, count)\n\n"
 	  "Extract count rows of data from the file at offset offset.\n"
 	  "Return an ascii formatted string according to the layout" },
 
+	{ "extract_binary",
+	  (PyCFunction)Rocket_extract_binary, METH_VARARGS,
+	  "extract_binary(self, offset, count)\n\n"
+	  "Extract count rows of data from the file at offset offset.\n"
+	  "Return a raw binary string of data matching the data layout." },
+
+	{ "extract_timestamp",
+	  (PyCFunction)Rocket_extract_timestamp, METH_VARARGS,
+	  "extract_timestamp(self, offset)\n\n"
+	  "Extract a single timestamp from the file" },
+
 	{ NULL },
 };
 
 static PyTypeObject RocketType = {
-	PyObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL)
+	PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
 
 	.tp_name	= "rocket.Rocket",
 	.tp_basicsize	= sizeof(Rocket),
@@ -793,17 +777,23 @@ static PyMethodDef module_methods[] = {
 	{ NULL },
 };
 
-PyMODINIT_FUNC
+static struct PyModuleDef moduledef = {
-initrocket(void)
+        PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+        .m_name        = "rocker",
+        .m_doc         = "Rocket data parsing and formatting module",
+        .m_size        = -1,
+        .m_methods     = module_methods,
+};
+
+PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_rocket(void)
 {
 	PyObject *module;
 
 	RocketType.tp_new = PyType_GenericNew;
 	if (PyType_Ready(&RocketType) < 0)
-		return;
+		return NULL;
 
-	module = Py_InitModule3("rocket", module_methods,
+	module = PyModule_Create(&moduledef);
-				"Rocket data parsing and formatting module");
 	Py_INCREF(&RocketType);
 	PyModule_AddObject(module, "Rocket", (PyObject *)&RocketType);
 
@@ -812,5 +802,5 @@ initrocket(void)
 	PyModule_AddObject(module, "ParseError", ParseError);
 	add_parseerror_codes(module);
 
-	return;
+	return module;
 }

nilmdb/server/server.py

@@ -1,150 +1,49 @@
 """CherryPy-based server for accessing NILM database via HTTP"""
 
-# Need absolute_import so that "import nilmdb" won't pull in
-# nilmdb.py, but will pull the nilmdb module instead.
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-import nilmdb.server
-from nilmdb.utils.printf import *
-from nilmdb.server.errors import NilmDBError
-
-import cherrypy
-import sys
 import os
-import simplejson as json
+import json
-import decorator
+import socket
-import psutil
+import traceback
 
-class NilmApp(object):
+import psutil
+import cherrypy
+
+import nilmdb.server
+from nilmdb.utils.printf import sprintf
+from nilmdb.server.errors import NilmDBError
+from nilmdb.utils.time import string_to_timestamp
+
+from nilmdb.server.serverutil import (
+    chunked_response,
+    response_type,
+    exception_to_httperror,
+    CORS_allow,
+    json_to_request_params,
+    json_error_page,
+    cherrypy_start,
+    cherrypy_stop,
+    bool_param,
+    )
+
+# Add CORS_allow tool
+cherrypy.tools.CORS_allow = cherrypy.Tool('on_start_resource', CORS_allow)
+
+
+class NilmApp():
     def __init__(self, db):
         self.db = db
 
-# Decorators
-def chunked_response(func):
-    """Decorator to enable chunked responses."""
-    # Set this to False to get better tracebacks from some requests
-    # (/stream/extract, /stream/intervals).
-    func._cp_config = { 'response.stream': True }
-    return func
-
-def response_type(content_type):
-    """Return a decorator-generating function that sets the
-    response type to the specified string."""
-    def wrapper(func, *args, **kwargs):
-        cherrypy.response.headers['Content-Type'] = content_type
-        return func(*args, **kwargs)
-    return decorator.decorator(wrapper)
-
-@decorator.decorator
-def workaround_cp_bug_1200(func, *args, **kwargs): # pragma: no cover
-    """Decorator to work around CherryPy bug #1200 in a response
-    generator.
-
-    Even if chunked responses are disabled, LookupError or
-    UnicodeError exceptions may still be swallowed by CherryPy due to
-    bug #1200.  This throws them as generic Exceptions instead so that
-    they make it through.
-    """
-    exc_info = None
-    try:
-        for val in func(*args, **kwargs):
-            yield val
-    except (LookupError, UnicodeError):
-        # Re-raise it, but maintain the original traceback
-        exc_info = sys.exc_info()
-        new_exc = Exception(exc_info[0].__name__ + ": " + str(exc_info[1]))
-        raise new_exc, None, exc_info[2]
-    finally:
-        del exc_info
-
-def exception_to_httperror(*expected):
-    """Return a decorator-generating function that catches expected
-    errors and throws a HTTPError describing it instead.
-
-        @exception_to_httperror(NilmDBError, ValueError)
-        def foo():
-            pass
-    """
-    def wrapper(func, *args, **kwargs):
-        exc_info = None
-        try:
-            return func(*args, **kwargs)
-        except expected:
-            # Re-raise it, but maintain the original traceback
-            exc_info = sys.exc_info()
-            new_exc = cherrypy.HTTPError("400 Bad Request", str(exc_info[1]))
-            raise new_exc, None, exc_info[2]
-        finally:
-            del exc_info
-    # We need to preserve the function's argspecs for CherryPy to
-    # handle argument errors correctly.  Decorator.decorator takes
-    # care of that.
-    return decorator.decorator(wrapper)
-
-# Custom CherryPy tools
-
-def CORS_allow(methods):
-    """This does several things:
-
-    Handles CORS preflight requests.
-    Adds Allow: header to all requests.
-    Raise 405 if request.method not in method.
-
-    It is similar to cherrypy.tools.allow, with the CORS stuff added.
-    """
-    request = cherrypy.request.headers
-    response = cherrypy.response.headers
-
-    if not isinstance(methods, (tuple, list)): # pragma: no cover
-        methods = [ methods ]
-    methods = [ m.upper() for m in methods if m ]
-    if not methods: # pragma: no cover
-        methods = [ 'GET', 'HEAD' ]
-    elif 'GET' in methods and 'HEAD' not in methods: # pragma: no cover
-        methods.append('HEAD')
-    response['Allow'] = ', '.join(methods)
-
-    # Allow all origins
-    if 'Origin' in request:
-        response['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = request['Origin']
-
-    # If it's a CORS request, send response.
-    request_method = request.get("Access-Control-Request-Method", None)
-    request_headers = request.get("Access-Control-Request-Headers", None)
-    if (cherrypy.request.method == "OPTIONS" and
-        request_method and request_headers):
-        response['Access-Control-Allow-Headers'] = request_headers
-        response['Access-Control-Allow-Methods'] = ', '.join(methods)
-        # Try to stop further processing and return a 200 OK
-        cherrypy.response.status = "200 OK"
-        cherrypy.response.body = ""
-        cherrypy.request.handler = lambda: ""
-        return
-
-    # Reject methods that were not explicitly allowed
-    if cherrypy.request.method not in methods:
-        raise cherrypy.HTTPError(405)
-
-cherrypy.tools.CORS_allow = cherrypy.Tool('on_start_resource', CORS_allow)
-
-# Helper for json_in tool to process JSON data into normal request
-# parameters.
-def json_to_request_params(body):
-    cherrypy.lib.jsontools.json_processor(body)
-    if not isinstance(cherrypy.request.json, dict):
-        raise cherrypy.HTTPError(415)
-    cherrypy.request.params.update(cherrypy.request.json)
 
 # CherryPy apps
 class Root(NilmApp):
     """Root application for NILM database"""
-
-    def __init__(self, db):
-        super(Root, self).__init__(db)
-
     # /
     @cherrypy.expose
     def index(self):
-        raise cherrypy.NotFound()
+        cherrypy.response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
+        msg = sprintf("This is NilmDB version %s, running on host %s.\n",
+                      nilmdb.__version__, socket.getfqdn())
+        return msg
 
     # /favicon.ico
     @cherrypy.expose
@@ -164,27 +63,58 @@ class Root(NilmApp):
         """Return a dictionary with the database path,
         size of the database in bytes, and free disk space in bytes"""
         path = self.db.get_basepath()
-        return { "path": path,
+        usage = psutil.disk_usage(path)
-                 "size": nilmdb.utils.du(path),
+        dbsize = nilmdb.utils.du(path)
-                 "free": psutil.disk_usage(path).free }
+        return {
+            "path": path,
+            "size": dbsize,
+            "other": max(usage.used - dbsize, 0),
+            "reserved": max(usage.total - usage.used - usage.free, 0),
+            "free": usage.free
+        }
+
 
 class Stream(NilmApp):
     """Stream-specific operations"""
 
+    # Helpers
+    def _get_times(self, start_param, end_param):
+        (start, end) = (None, None)
+        try:
+            if start_param is not None:
+                start = string_to_timestamp(start_param)
+        except Exception:
+            raise cherrypy.HTTPError("400 Bad Request", sprintf(
+                "invalid start (%s): must be a numeric timestamp",
+                start_param))
+        try:
+            if end_param is not None:
+                end = string_to_timestamp(end_param)
+        except Exception:
+            raise cherrypy.HTTPError("400 Bad Request", sprintf(
+                "invalid end (%s): must be a numeric timestamp", end_param))
+        if start is not None and end is not None:
+            if start >= end:
+                raise cherrypy.HTTPError(
+                    "400 Bad Request",
+                    sprintf("start must precede end (%s >= %s)",
+                            start_param, end_param))
+        return (start, end)
+
     # /stream/list
     # /stream/list?layout=float32_8
     # /stream/list?path=/newton/prep&extended=1
     @cherrypy.expose
     @cherrypy.tools.json_out()
-    def list(self, path = None, layout = None, extended = None):
+    def list(self, path=None, layout=None, extended=None):
         """List all streams in the database.  With optional path or
         layout parameter, just list streams that match the given path
         or layout.
 
-        If extent is not given, returns a list of lists containing
+        If extended is missing or zero, returns a list of lists
-        the path and layout: [ path, layout ]
+        containing the path and layout: [ path, layout ]
 
-        If extended is provided, returns a list of lists containing
+        If extended is true, returns a list of lists containing
         extended info: [ path, layout, extent_min, extent_max,
         total_rows, total_seconds ].  More data may be added.
         """
@@ -195,7 +125,7 @@ class Stream(NilmApp):
     @cherrypy.tools.json_in()
     @cherrypy.tools.json_out()
     @exception_to_httperror(NilmDBError, ValueError)
-    @cherrypy.tools.CORS_allow(methods = ["POST"])
+    @cherrypy.tools.CORS_allow(methods=["POST"])
     def create(self, path, layout):
         """Create a new stream in the database.  Provide path
         and one of the nilmdb.layout.layouts keys.
@@ -207,11 +137,21 @@ class Stream(NilmApp):
     @cherrypy.tools.json_in()
     @cherrypy.tools.json_out()
     @exception_to_httperror(NilmDBError)
-    @cherrypy.tools.CORS_allow(methods = ["POST"])
+    @cherrypy.tools.CORS_allow(methods=["POST"])
     def destroy(self, path):
-        """Delete a stream and its associated data."""
+        """Delete a stream.  Fails if any data is still present."""
         return self.db.stream_destroy(path)
 
+    # /stream/rename?oldpath=/newton/prep&newpath=/newton/prep/1
+    @cherrypy.expose
+    @cherrypy.tools.json_in()
+    @cherrypy.tools.json_out()
+    @exception_to_httperror(NilmDBError, ValueError)
+    @cherrypy.tools.CORS_allow(methods=["POST"])
+    def rename(self, oldpath, newpath):
+        """Rename a stream."""
+        return self.db.stream_rename(oldpath, newpath)
+
     # /stream/get_metadata?path=/newton/prep
     # /stream/get_metadata?path=/newton/prep&key=foo&key=bar
     @cherrypy.expose
@@ -223,16 +163,16 @@ class Stream(NilmApp):
         try:
             data = self.db.stream_get_metadata(path)
         except nilmdb.server.nilmdb.StreamError as e:
-            raise cherrypy.HTTPError("404 Not Found", e.message)
+            raise cherrypy.HTTPError("404 Not Found", str(e))
         if key is None:  # If no keys specified, return them all
-            key = data.keys()
+            key = list(data.keys())
         elif not isinstance(key, list):
-            key = [ key ]
+            key = [key]
         result = {}
         for k in key:
             if k in data:
                 result[k] = data[k]
-            else: # Return "None" for keys with no matching value
+            else:  # Return "None" for keys with no matching value
                 result[k] = None
         return result
 
@@ -242,11 +182,9 @@ class Stream(NilmApp):
             try:
                 data = dict(json.loads(data))
             except TypeError as e:
-                raise NilmDBError("can't parse 'data' parameter: " + e.message)
+                raise NilmDBError("can't parse 'data' parameter: " + str(e))
         for key in data:
-            if not (isinstance(data[key], basestring) or
+            if not isinstance(data[key], (str, float, int)):
-                    isinstance(data[key], float) or
-                    isinstance(data[key], int)):
                 raise NilmDBError("metadata values must be a string or number")
         function(path, data)
 
@@ -255,7 +193,7 @@ class Stream(NilmApp):
     @cherrypy.tools.json_in()
     @cherrypy.tools.json_out()
     @exception_to_httperror(NilmDBError, LookupError)
-    @cherrypy.tools.CORS_allow(methods = ["POST"])
+    @cherrypy.tools.CORS_allow(methods=["POST"])
     def set_metadata(self, path, data):
         """Set metadata for the named stream, replacing any existing
         metadata.  Data can be json-encoded or a plain dictionary."""
@@ -266,7 +204,7 @@ class Stream(NilmApp):
     @cherrypy.tools.json_in()
     @cherrypy.tools.json_out()
     @exception_to_httperror(NilmDBError, LookupError, ValueError)
-    @cherrypy.tools.CORS_allow(methods = ["POST"])
+    @cherrypy.tools.CORS_allow(methods=["POST"])
     def update_metadata(self, path, data):
         """Set metadata for the named stream, replacing any existing
         metadata.  Data can be json-encoded or a plain dictionary."""
@@ -276,33 +214,46 @@ class Stream(NilmApp):
     @cherrypy.expose
     @cherrypy.tools.json_out()
     @exception_to_httperror(NilmDBError, ValueError)
-    @cherrypy.tools.CORS_allow(methods = ["PUT"])
+    @cherrypy.tools.CORS_allow(methods=["PUT"])
-    def insert(self, path, start, end):
+    def insert(self, path, start, end, binary=False):
         """
         Insert new data into the database.  Provide textual data
         (matching the path's layout) as a HTTP PUT.
+
+        If 'binary' is True, expect raw binary data, rather than lines
+        of ASCII-formatted data.  Raw binary data is always
+        little-endian and matches the database types (including an
+        int64 timestamp).
         """
+        binary = bool_param(binary)
+
         # Important that we always read the input before throwing any
         # errors, to keep lengths happy for persistent connections.
         # Note that CherryPy 3.2.2 has a bug where this fails for GET
         # requests, if we ever want to handle those (issue #1134)
         body = cherrypy.request.body.read()
 
+        # Verify content type for binary data
+        content_type = cherrypy.request.headers.get('content-type')
+        if binary and content_type:
+            if content_type != "application/octet-stream":
+                raise cherrypy.HTTPError("400", "Content type must be "
+                                         "application/octet-stream for "
+                                         "binary data, not " + content_type)
+
+        # Note that non-binary data is *not* decoded from bytes to string,
+        # but rather passed directly to stream_insert.
+
         # Check path and get layout
-        streams = self.db.stream_list(path = path)
+        if len(self.db.stream_list(path=path)) != 1:
-        if len(streams) != 1:
+            raise cherrypy.HTTPError("404", "No such stream: " + path)
-            raise cherrypy.HTTPError("404 Not Found", "No such stream")
 
         # Check limits
-        start = float(start)
+        (start, end) = self._get_times(start, end)
-        end = float(end)
-        if start >= end:
-            raise cherrypy.HTTPError("400 Bad Request",
-                                     "start must precede end")
 
         # Pass the data directly to nilmdb, which will parse it and
         # raise a ValueError if there are any problems.
-        self.db.stream_insert(path, start, end, body)
+        self.db.stream_insert(path, start, end, body, binary)
 
         # Done
         return
@@ -311,24 +262,34 @@ class Stream(NilmApp):
     # /stream/remove?path=/newton/prep&start=1234567890.0&end=1234567899.0
     @cherrypy.expose
     @cherrypy.tools.json_in()
-    @cherrypy.tools.json_out()
+    @cherrypy.tools.CORS_allow(methods=["POST"])
-    @exception_to_httperror(NilmDBError)
+    @chunked_response
-    @cherrypy.tools.CORS_allow(methods = ["POST"])
+    @response_type("application/x-json-stream")
-    def remove(self, path, start = None, end = None):
+    def remove(self, path, start=None, end=None):
         """
         Remove data from the backend database.  Removes all data in
-        the interval [start, end).  Returns the number of data points
+        the interval [start, end).
-        removed.
+
+        Returns the number of data points removed.  Since this is a potentially
+        long-running operation, multiple numbers may be returned as the
+        data gets removed from the backend database.  The total number of
+        points removed is the sum of all of these numbers.
         """
-        if start is not None:
+        (start, end) = self._get_times(start, end)
-            start = float(start)
+
-        if end is not None:
+        if len(self.db.stream_list(path=path)) != 1:
-            end = float(end)
+            raise cherrypy.HTTPError("404", "No such stream: " + path)
-        if start is not None and end is not None:
+
-            if start >= end:
+        def content(start, end):
-                raise cherrypy.HTTPError("400 Bad Request",
+            # Note: disable chunked responses to see tracebacks from here.
-                                         "start must precede end")
+            while True:
-        return self.db.stream_remove(path, start, end)
+                (removed, restart) = self.db.stream_remove(path, start, end)
+                response = json.dumps(removed) + "\r\n"
+                yield response.encode('utf-8')
+                if restart is None:
+                    break
+                start = restart
+        return content(start, end)
 
     # /stream/intervals?path=/newton/prep
     # /stream/intervals?path=/newton/prep&start=1234567890.0&end=1234567899.0
@@ -336,7 +297,7 @@ class Stream(NilmApp):
     @cherrypy.expose
     @chunked_response
     @response_type("application/x-json-stream")
-    def intervals(self, path, start = None, end = None, diffpath = None):
+    def intervals(self, path, start=None, end=None, diffpath=None):
         """
         Get intervals from backend database.  Streams the resulting
         intervals as JSON strings separated by CR LF pairs.  This may
@@ -351,31 +312,22 @@ class Stream(NilmApp):
         Note that the response type is the non-standard
         'application/x-json-stream' for lack of a better option.
         """
-        if start is not None:
+        (start, end) = self._get_times(start, end)
-            start = float(start)
-        if end is not None:
-            end = float(end)
 
-        if start is not None and end is not None:
+        if len(self.db.stream_list(path=path)) != 1:
-            if start >= end:
-                raise cherrypy.HTTPError("400 Bad Request",
-                                         "start must precede end")
-
-        if len(self.db.stream_list(path = path)) != 1:
             raise cherrypy.HTTPError("404", "No such stream: " + path)
 
-        if diffpath and len(self.db.stream_list(path = diffpath)) != 1:
+        if diffpath and len(self.db.stream_list(path=diffpath)) != 1:
             raise cherrypy.HTTPError("404", "No such stream: " + diffpath)
 
-        @workaround_cp_bug_1200
         def content(start, end):
             # Note: disable chunked responses to see tracebacks from here.
             while True:
                 (ints, restart) = self.db.stream_intervals(path, start, end,
                                                            diffpath)
-                response = ''.join([ json.dumps(i) + "\r\n" for i in ints ])
+                response = ''.join([json.dumps(i) + "\r\n" for i in ints])
-                yield response
+                yield response.encode('utf-8')
-                if restart == 0:
+                if restart is None:
                     break
                 start = restart
         return content(start, end)
@@ -383,71 +335,87 @@ class Stream(NilmApp):
     # /stream/extract?path=/newton/prep&start=1234567890.0&end=1234567899.0
     @cherrypy.expose
     @chunked_response
-    @response_type("text/plain")
+    def extract(self, path, start=None, end=None,
-    def extract(self, path, start = None, end = None, count = False):
+                count=False, markup=False, binary=False):
         """
         Extract data from backend database.  Streams the resulting
         entries as ASCII text lines separated by newlines.  This may
         make multiple requests to the nilmdb backend to avoid causing
         it to block for too long.
 
-        Add count=True to return a count rather than actual data.
+        If 'count' is True, returns a count rather than actual data.
-        """
-        if start is not None:
-            start = float(start)
-        if end is not None:
-            end = float(end)
 
-        # Check parameters
+        If 'markup' is True, adds comments to the stream denoting each
-        if start is not None and end is not None:
+        interval's start and end timestamp.
-            if start >= end:
+
-                raise cherrypy.HTTPError("400 Bad Request",
+        If 'binary' is True, return raw binary data, rather than lines
-                                         "start must precede end")
+        of ASCII-formatted data.  Raw binary data is always
+        little-endian and matches the database types (including an
+        int64 timestamp).
+        """
+        binary = bool_param(binary)
+        markup = bool_param(markup)
+        count = bool_param(count)
+
+        (start, end) = self._get_times(start, end)
 
         # Check path and get layout
-        streams = self.db.stream_list(path = path)
+        if len(self.db.stream_list(path=path)) != 1:
-        if len(streams) != 1:
+            raise cherrypy.HTTPError("404", "No such stream: " + path)
-            raise cherrypy.HTTPError("404 Not Found", "No such stream")
 
-        @workaround_cp_bug_1200
+        if binary:
-        def content(start, end, count):
+            content_type = "application/octet-stream"
+            if markup or count:
+                raise cherrypy.HTTPError("400", "can't mix binary and "
+                                         "markup or count modes")
+        else:
+            content_type = "text/plain"
+        cherrypy.response.headers['Content-Type'] = content_type
+
+        def content(start, end):
             # Note: disable chunked responses to see tracebacks from here.
             if count:
-                matched = self.db.stream_extract(path, start, end, count)
+                matched = self.db.stream_extract(path, start, end,
-                yield sprintf("%d\n", matched)
+                                                 count=True)
+                yield sprintf(b"%d\n", matched)
                 return
 
             while True:
-                (data, restart) = self.db.stream_extract(path, start, end)
+                (data, restart) = self.db.stream_extract(
+                    path, start, end, count=False,
+                    markup=markup, binary=binary)
                 yield data
 
-                if restart == 0:
+                if restart is None:
                     return
                 start = restart
-        return content(start, end, count)
+        return content(start, end)
 
-class Exiter(object):
+
+class Exiter():
     """App that exits the server, for testing"""
     @cherrypy.expose
     def index(self):
         cherrypy.response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
-        def content():
-            yield 'Exiting by request'
-            raise SystemExit
-        return content()
-    index._cp_config = { 'response.stream': True }
 
-class Server(object):
+        def content():
-    def __init__(self, db, host = '127.0.0.1', port = 8080,
+            yield b'Exiting by request'
-                 stoppable = False,       # whether /exit URL exists
+            raise SystemExit
-                 embedded = True,         # hide diagnostics and output, etc
+
-                 fast_shutdown = False,   # don't wait for clients to disconn.
+        return content()
-                 force_traceback = False  # include traceback in all errors
+    index._cp_config = {'response.stream': True}
+
+
+class Server():
+    def __init__(self, db, host='127.0.0.1', port=8080,
+                 stoppable=False,        # whether /exit URL exists
+                 fast_shutdown=False,    # don't wait for clients to disconn.
+                 force_traceback=False,  # include traceback in all errors
+                 basepath='',            # base URL path for cherrypy.tree
                  ):
         # Save server version, just for verification during tests
         self.version = nilmdb.__version__
 
-        self.embedded = embedded
         self.db = db
         if not getattr(db, "_thread_safe", None):
             raise KeyError("Database object " + str(db) + " doesn't claim "
@@ -457,13 +425,12 @@ class Server(object):
 
         # Build up global server configuration
         cherrypy.config.update({
+            'environment': 'embedded',
             'server.socket_host': host,
             'server.socket_port': port,
-            'engine.autoreload_on': False,
+            'engine.autoreload.on': False,
             'server.max_request_body_size': 8*1024*1024,
             })
-        if self.embedded:
-            cherrypy.config.update({ 'environment': 'embedded' })
 
         # Build up application specific configuration
         app_config = {}
@@ -472,23 +439,23 @@ class Server(object):
             })
 
         # Some default headers to just help identify that things are working
-        app_config.update({ 'response.headers.X-Jim-Is-Awesome': 'yeah' })
+        app_config.update({'response.headers.X-Jim-Is-Awesome': 'yeah'})
 
         # Set up Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) handler so we
         # can correctly respond to browsers' CORS preflight requests.
         # This also limits verbs to GET and HEAD by default.
-        app_config.update({ 'tools.CORS_allow.on': True,
+        app_config.update({'tools.CORS_allow.on': True,
-                            'tools.CORS_allow.methods': ['GET', 'HEAD'] })
+                           'tools.CORS_allow.methods': ['GET', 'HEAD']})
 
         # Configure the 'json_in' tool to also allow other content-types
         # (like x-www-form-urlencoded), and to treat JSON as a dict that
         # fills requests.param.
-        app_config.update({ 'tools.json_in.force': False,
+        app_config.update({'tools.json_in.force': False,
-                            'tools.json_in.processor': json_to_request_params })
+                           'tools.json_in.processor': json_to_request_params})
 
         # Send tracebacks in error responses.  They're hidden by the
         # error_page function for client errors (code 400-499).
-        app_config.update({ 'request.show_tracebacks' : True })
+        app_config.update({'request.show_tracebacks': True})
         self.force_traceback = force_traceback
 
         # Patch CherryPy error handler to never pad out error messages.
@@ -502,79 +469,78 @@ class Server(object):
         if stoppable:
             root.exit = Exiter()
         cherrypy.tree.apps = {}
-        cherrypy.tree.mount(root, "/", config = { "/" : app_config })
+        cherrypy.tree.mount(root, basepath, config={"/": app_config})
 
         # Shutdowns normally wait for clients to disconnect.  To speed
         # up tests, set fast_shutdown = True
         if fast_shutdown:
-            # Setting timeout to 0 triggers os._exit(70) at shutdown, grr...
+            cherrypy.server.shutdown_timeout = 0
-            cherrypy.server.shutdown_timeout = 0.01
         else:
             cherrypy.server.shutdown_timeout = 5
 
+        # Set up the WSGI application pointer for external programs
+        self.wsgi_application = cherrypy.tree
+
     def json_error_page(self, status, message, traceback, version):
         """Return a custom error page in JSON so the client can parse it"""
-        errordata = { "status" : status,
+        return json_error_page(status, message, traceback, version,
-                      "message" : message,
+                               self.force_traceback)
-                      "traceback" : traceback }
-        # Don't send a traceback if the error was 400-499 (client's fault)
-        try:
-            code = int(status.split()[0])
-            if not self.force_traceback:
-                if code >= 400 and code <= 499:
-                    errordata["traceback"] = ""
-        except Exception: # pragma: no cover
-            pass
-        # Override the response type, which was previously set to text/html
-        cherrypy.serving.response.headers['Content-Type'] = (
-            "application/json;charset=utf-8" )
-        # Undo the HTML escaping that cherrypy's get_error_page function applies
-        # (cherrypy issue 1135)
-        for k, v in errordata.iteritems():
-            v = v.replace("&lt;","<")
-            v = v.replace("&gt;",">")
-            v = v.replace("&amp;","&")
-            errordata[k] = v
-        return json.dumps(errordata, separators=(',',':'))
 
-    def start(self, blocking = False, event = None):
+    def start(self, blocking=False, event=None):
-
+        cherrypy_start(blocking, event)
-        if not self.embedded: # pragma: no cover
-            # Handle signals nicely
-            if hasattr(cherrypy.engine, "signal_handler"):
-                cherrypy.engine.signal_handler.subscribe()
-            if hasattr(cherrypy.engine, "console_control_handler"):
-                cherrypy.engine.console_control_handler.subscribe()
-
-        # Cherrypy stupidly calls os._exit(70) when it can't bind the
-        # port.  At least try to print a reasonable error and continue
-        # in this case, rather than just dying silently (as we would
-        # otherwise do in embedded mode)
-        real_exit = os._exit
-        def fake_exit(code): # pragma: no cover
-            if code == os.EX_SOFTWARE:
-                fprintf(sys.stderr, "error: CherryPy called os._exit!\n")
-            else:
-                real_exit(code)
-        os._exit = fake_exit
-        cherrypy.engine.start()
-        os._exit = real_exit
-
-        # Signal that the engine has started successfully
-        if event is not None:
-            event.set()
-
-        if blocking:
-            try:
-                cherrypy.engine.wait(cherrypy.engine.states.EXITING,
-                                     interval = 0.1, channel = 'main')
-            except (KeyboardInterrupt, IOError): # pragma: no cover
-                cherrypy.engine.log('Keyboard Interrupt: shutting down bus')
-                cherrypy.engine.exit()
-            except SystemExit: # pragma: no cover
-                cherrypy.engine.log('SystemExit raised: shutting down bus')
-                cherrypy.engine.exit()
-                raise
 
     def stop(self):
-        cherrypy.engine.exit()
+        cherrypy_stop()
+
+
+# Use a single global nilmdb.server.NilmDB and nilmdb.server.Server
+# instance since the database can only be opened once.  For this to
+# work, the web server must use only a single process and single
+# Python interpreter.  Multiple threads are OK.
+_wsgi_server = None
+
+
+def wsgi_application(dbpath, basepath):
+    """Return a WSGI application object with a database at the
+    specified path.
+
+    'dbpath' is a filesystem location, e.g. /home/nilm/db
+
+    'basepath' is the URL path of the application base, which
+    is the same as the first argument to Apache's WSGIScriptAlias
+    directive.
+    """
+    def application(environ, start_response):
+        global _wsgi_server
+        if _wsgi_server is None:
+            # Try to start the server
+            try:
+                db = nilmdb.utils.serializer_proxy(
+                    nilmdb.server.NilmDB)(dbpath)
+                _wsgi_server = nilmdb.server.Server(
+                    db, basepath=basepath.rstrip('/'))
+            except Exception:
+                # Build an error message on failure
+                import pprint
+                err = sprintf("Initializing database at path '%s' failed:\n\n",
+                              dbpath)
+                err += traceback.format_exc()
+                import pwd
+                import grp
+                err += sprintf("\nRunning as: uid=%d (%s), gid=%d (%s) "
+                               "on host %s, pid %d\n",
+                               os.getuid(), pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[0],
+                               os.getgid(), grp.getgrgid(os.getgid())[0],
+                               socket.gethostname(), os.getpid())
+                err += sprintf("\nEnvironment:\n%s\n", pprint.pformat(environ))
+        if _wsgi_server is None:
+            # Serve up the error with our own mini WSGI app.
+            err_b = err.encode('utf-8')
+            headers = [('Content-type', 'text/plain; charset=utf-8'),
+                       ('Content-length', str(len(err_b)))]
+            start_response("500 Internal Server Error", headers)
+            return [err_b]
+
+        # Call the normal application
+        return _wsgi_server.wsgi_application(environ, start_response)
+    return application

nilmdb/server/serverutil.py

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+"""Miscellaneous decorators and other helpers for running a CherryPy
+server"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+import json
+import decorator
+import functools
+import threading
+
+import cherrypy
+
+
+# Helper to parse parameters into booleans
+def bool_param(s):
+    """Return a bool indicating whether parameter 's' was True or False,
+    supporting a few different types for 's'."""
+    try:
+        ss = s.lower()
+        if ss in ["0", "false", "f", "no", "n"]:
+            return False
+        if ss in ["1", "true", "t", "yes", "y"]:
+            return True
+    except Exception:
+        return bool(s)
+    raise cherrypy.HTTPError("400 Bad Request",
+                             "can't parse parameter: " + ss)
+
+
+# Decorators
+def chunked_response(func):
+    """Decorator to enable chunked responses."""
+    # Set this to False to get better tracebacks from some requests
+    # (/stream/extract, /stream/intervals).
+    func._cp_config = {'response.stream': True}
+    return func
+
+
+def response_type(content_type):
+    """Return a decorator-generating function that sets the
+    response type to the specified string."""
+    def wrapper(func, *args, **kwargs):
+        cherrypy.response.headers['Content-Type'] = content_type
+        return func(*args, **kwargs)
+    return decorator.decorator(wrapper)
+
+
+def exception_to_httperror(*expected):
+    """Return a decorator-generating function that catches expected
+    errors and throws a HTTPError describing it instead.
+
+        @exception_to_httperror(NilmDBError, ValueError)
+        def foo():
+            pass
+    """
+    def wrapper(func, *args, **kwargs):
+        exc_info = None
+        try:
+            return func(*args, **kwargs)
+        except expected:
+            # Re-raise it, but maintain the original traceback
+            exc_info = sys.exc_info()
+            new_exc = cherrypy.HTTPError("400 Bad Request", str(exc_info[1]))
+            raise new_exc.with_traceback(exc_info[2])
+        finally:
+            del exc_info
+    # We need to preserve the function's argspecs for CherryPy to
+    # handle argument errors correctly.  Decorator.decorator takes
+    # care of that.
+    return decorator.decorator(wrapper)
+
+
+# Custom CherryPy tools
+def CORS_allow(methods):
+    """This does several things:
+
+    Handles CORS preflight requests.
+    Adds Allow: header to all requests.
+    Raise 405 if request.method not in method.
+
+    It is similar to cherrypy.tools.allow, with the CORS stuff added.
+
+    Add this to CherryPy with:
+    cherrypy.tools.CORS_allow = cherrypy.Tool('on_start_resource', CORS_allow)
+    """
+    request = cherrypy.request.headers
+    response = cherrypy.response.headers
+
+    if not isinstance(methods, (tuple, list)):
+        methods = [methods]
+    methods = [m.upper() for m in methods if m]
+    if not methods:
+        methods = ['GET', 'HEAD']
+    elif 'GET' in methods and 'HEAD' not in methods:
+        methods.append('HEAD')
+    response['Allow'] = ', '.join(methods)
+
+    # Allow all origins
+    if 'Origin' in request:
+        response['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = request['Origin']
+
+    # If it's a CORS request, send response.
+    request_method = request.get("Access-Control-Request-Method", None)
+    request_headers = request.get("Access-Control-Request-Headers", None)
+    if (cherrypy.request.method == "OPTIONS" and
+            request_method and request_headers):
+        response['Access-Control-Allow-Headers'] = request_headers
+        response['Access-Control-Allow-Methods'] = ', '.join(methods)
+        # Try to stop further processing and return a 200 OK
+        cherrypy.response.status = "200 OK"
+        cherrypy.response.body = b""
+        cherrypy.request.handler = lambda: ""
+        return
+
+    # Reject methods that were not explicitly allowed
+    if cherrypy.request.method not in methods:
+        raise cherrypy.HTTPError(405)
+
+
+# Helper for json_in tool to process JSON data into normal request
+# parameters.
+def json_to_request_params(body):
+    cherrypy.lib.jsontools.json_processor(body)
+    if not isinstance(cherrypy.request.json, dict):
+        raise cherrypy.HTTPError(415)
+    cherrypy.request.params.update(cherrypy.request.json)
+
+
+# Used as an "error_page.default" handler
+def json_error_page(status, message, traceback, version,
+                    force_traceback=False):
+    """Return a custom error page in JSON so the client can parse it"""
+    errordata = {"status": status,
+                 "message": message,
+                 "version": version,
+                 "traceback": traceback}
+    # Don't send a traceback if the error was 400-499 (client's fault)
+    code = int(status.split()[0])
+    if not force_traceback:
+        if 400 <= code <= 499:
+            errordata["traceback"] = ""
+    # Override the response type, which was previously set to text/html
+    cherrypy.serving.response.headers['Content-Type'] = (
+        "application/json;charset=utf-8")
+    # Undo the HTML escaping that cherrypy's get_error_page function applies
+    # (cherrypy issue 1135)
+    for k, v in errordata.items():
+        v = v.replace("&lt;", "<")
+        v = v.replace("&gt;", ">")
+        v = v.replace("&amp;", "&")
+        errordata[k] = v
+    return json.dumps(errordata, separators=(',', ':'))
+
+
+class CherryPyExit(SystemExit):
+    pass
+
+
+def cherrypy_patch_exit():
+    # Cherrypy stupidly calls os._exit(70) when it can't bind the port
+    # and exits.  Instead of that, raise a CherryPyExit (derived from
+    # SystemExit).  This exception may not make it back up to the caller
+    # due to internal thread use in the CherryPy engine, but there should
+    # be at least some indication that it happened.
+    bus = cherrypy.process.wspbus.bus
+    if "_patched_exit" in bus.__dict__:
+        return
+    bus._patched_exit = True
+
+    def patched_exit(orig):
+        real_exit = os._exit
+
+        def fake_exit(code):
+            raise CherryPyExit(code)
+        os._exit = fake_exit
+        try:
+            orig()
+        finally:
+            os._exit = real_exit
+    bus.exit = functools.partial(patched_exit, bus.exit)
+
+    # A behavior change in Python 3.8 means that some thread exceptions,
+    # derived from SystemExit, now print tracebacks where they didn't
+    # used to: https://bugs.python.org/issue1230540
+    # Install a thread exception hook that ignores CherryPyExit;
+    # to make this match the behavior where we didn't set
+    # threading.excepthook, we also need to ignore SystemExit.
+    def hook(args):
+        if args.exc_type == CherryPyExit or args.exc_type == SystemExit:
+            return
+        sys.excepthook(args.exc_type, args.exc_value,
+                       args.exc_traceback)  # pragma: no cover
+    threading.excepthook = hook
+
+
+# Start/stop CherryPy standalone server
+def cherrypy_start(blocking=False, event=False):
+    """Start the CherryPy server, handling errors and signals
+    somewhat gracefully."""
+
+    cherrypy_patch_exit()
+
+    # Start the server
+    cherrypy.engine.start()
+
+    # Signal that the engine has started successfully
+    if event is not None:
+        event.set()
+
+    if blocking:
+        try:
+            cherrypy.engine.wait(cherrypy.engine.states.EXITING,
+                                 interval=0.1, channel='main')
+        except (KeyboardInterrupt, IOError):
+            cherrypy.engine.log('Keyboard Interrupt: shutting down')
+            cherrypy.engine.exit()
+        except SystemExit:
+            cherrypy.engine.log('SystemExit raised: shutting down')
+            cherrypy.engine.exit()
+            raise
+
+
+# Stop CherryPy server
+def cherrypy_stop():
+    cherrypy.engine.exit()

nilmdb/utils/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """NilmDB utilities"""
 
+
 from nilmdb.utils.timer import Timer
-from nilmdb.utils.iteratorizer import Iteratorizer
 from nilmdb.utils.serializer import serializer_proxy
 from nilmdb.utils.lrucache import lru_cache
 from nilmdb.utils.diskusage import du, human_size
@@ -11,3 +11,6 @@ import nilmdb.utils.threadsafety
 import nilmdb.utils.fallocate
 import nilmdb.utils.time
 import nilmdb.utils.iterator
+import nilmdb.utils.interval
+import nilmdb.utils.lock
+import nilmdb.utils.sort

nilmdb/utils/atomic.py

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 
 import os
 
+
 def replace_file(filename, content):
     """Attempt to atomically and durably replace the filename with the
-    given contents.  This is intended to be 'pretty good on most
+    given contents"""
-    OSes', but not necessarily bulletproof."""
 
-    newfilename = filename + ".new"
+    newfilename = filename + b".new"
 
     # Write to new file, flush it
     with open(newfilename, "wb") as f:
@@ -16,11 +16,4 @@ def replace_file(filename, content):
         os.fsync(f.fileno())
 
     # Move new file over old one
-    try:
+    os.replace(newfilename, filename)
-        os.rename(newfilename, filename)
-    except OSError: # pragma: no cover
-        # Some OSes might not support renaming over an existing file.
-        # This is definitely NOT atomic!
-        os.remove(filename)
-        os.rename(newfilename, filename)
-

nilmdb/utils/datetime_tz/__init__.py

@@ -1,710 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
-#
-# Copyright 2009 Google Inc.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-#
-#
-# Disable the invalid name warning as we are inheriting from a standard library
-# object.
-# pylint: disable-msg=C6409,W0212
-
-"""A version of the datetime module which *cares* about timezones.
-
-This module will never return a naive datetime object. This requires the module
-know your local timezone, which it tries really hard to figure out.
-
-You can override the detection by using the datetime.tzaware.defaulttz_set
-method. It the module is unable to figure out the timezone itself this method
-*must* be called before the normal module is imported. If done before importing
-it can also speed up the time taken to import as the defaulttz will no longer
-try and do the detection.
-"""
-
-__author__ = "tansell@google.com (Tim Ansell)"
-
-import calendar
-import datetime
-import os
-import os.path
-import re
-import time
-import warnings
-import dateutil.parser
-import dateutil.relativedelta
-import dateutil.tz
-import pytz
-import pytz_abbr
-
-
-try:
-  # pylint: disable-msg=C6204
-  import functools
-except ImportError, e:
-
-  class functools(object):
-    """Fake replacement for a full functools."""
-
-    # pylint: disable-msg=W0613
-    @staticmethod
-    def wraps(f, *args, **kw):
-      return f
-
-
-# Need to patch pytz.utc to have a _utcoffset so you can normalize/localize
-# using it.
-pytz.utc._utcoffset = datetime.timedelta()
-
-
-timedelta = datetime.timedelta
-
-
-def _tzinfome(tzinfo):
-  """Gets a tzinfo object from a string.
-
-  Args:
-    tzinfo: A string (or string like) object, or a datetime.tzinfo object.
-
-  Returns:
-    An datetime.tzinfo object.
-
-  Raises:
-    UnknownTimeZoneError: If the timezone given can't be decoded.
-  """
-  if not isinstance(tzinfo, datetime.tzinfo):
-    try:
-      tzinfo = pytz.timezone(tzinfo)
-    except AttributeError:
-      raise pytz.UnknownTimeZoneError("Unknown timezone! %s" % tzinfo)
-  return tzinfo
-
-
-# Our "local" timezone
-_localtz = None
-
-
-def localtz():
-  """Get the local timezone.
-
-  Returns:
-    The localtime timezone as a tzinfo object.
-  """
-  # pylint: disable-msg=W0603
-  global _localtz
-  if _localtz is None:
-    _localtz = detect_timezone()
-  return _localtz
-
-
-def localtz_set(timezone):
-  """Set the local timezone."""
-  # pylint: disable-msg=W0603
-  global _localtz
-  _localtz = _tzinfome(timezone)
-
-
-def detect_timezone():
-  """Try and detect the timezone that Python is currently running in.
-
-  We have a bunch of different methods for trying to figure this out (listed in
-  order they are attempted).
-    * Try TZ environment variable.
-    * Try and find /etc/timezone file (with timezone name).
-    * Try and find /etc/localtime file (with timezone data).
-    * Try and match a TZ to the current dst/offset/shortname.
-
-  Returns:
-    The detected local timezone as a tzinfo object
-
-  Raises:
-    pytz.UnknownTimeZoneError: If it was unable to detect a timezone.
-  """
-  # First we try the TZ variable
-  tz = _detect_timezone_environ()
-  if tz is not None:
-    return tz
-
-  # Second we try /etc/timezone and use the value in that
-  tz = _detect_timezone_etc_timezone()
-  if tz is not None:
-    return tz
-
-  # Next we try and see if something matches the tzinfo in /etc/localtime
-  tz = _detect_timezone_etc_localtime()
-  if tz is not None:
-    return tz
-
-  # Next we try and use a similiar method to what PHP does.
-  # We first try to search on time.tzname, time.timezone, time.daylight to
-  # match a pytz zone.
-  warnings.warn("Had to fall back to worst detection method (the 'PHP' "
-                "method).")
-
-  tz = _detect_timezone_php()
-  if tz is not None:
-    return tz
-
-  raise pytz.UnknownTimeZoneError("Unable to detect your timezone!")
-
-
-def _detect_timezone_environ():
-  if "TZ" in os.environ:
-    try:
-      return pytz.timezone(os.environ["TZ"])
-    except (IOError, pytz.UnknownTimeZoneError):
-      warnings.warn("You provided a TZ environment value (%r) we did not "
-                    "understand!" % os.environ["TZ"])
-
-
-def _detect_timezone_etc_timezone():
-  if os.path.exists("/etc/timezone"):
-    try:
-      tz = file("/etc/timezone").read().strip()
-      try:
-        return pytz.timezone(tz)
-      except (IOError, pytz.UnknownTimeZoneError), ei:
-        warnings.warn("Your /etc/timezone file references a timezone (%r) that"
-                      " is not valid (%r)." % (tz, ei))
-
-    # Problem reading the /etc/timezone file
-    except IOError, eo:
-      warnings.warn("Could not access your /etc/timezone file: %s" % eo)
-
-
-def _detect_timezone_etc_localtime():
-  matches = []
-  if os.path.exists("/etc/localtime"):
-    localtime = pytz.tzfile.build_tzinfo("/etc/localtime",
-                                         file("/etc/localtime"))
-
-    # See if we can find a "Human Name" for this..
-    for tzname in pytz.all_timezones:
-      tz = _tzinfome(tzname)
-
-      if dir(tz) != dir(localtime):
-        continue
-
-      for attrib in dir(tz):
-        # Ignore functions and specials
-        if callable(getattr(tz, attrib)) or attrib.startswith("__"):
-          continue
-
-        # This will always be different
-        if attrib == "zone" or attrib == "_tzinfos":
-          continue
-
-        if getattr(tz, attrib) != getattr(localtime, attrib):
-          break
-
-      # We get here iff break didn't happen, i.e. no meaningful attributes
-      # differ between tz and localtime
-      else:
-        matches.append(tzname)
-
-    if len(matches) == 1:
-      return _tzinfome(matches[0])
-    else:
-      # Warn the person about this!
-      warning = "Could not get a human name for your timezone: "
-      if len(matches) > 1:
-        warning += ("We detected multiple matches for your /etc/localtime. "
-                    "(Matches where %s)" % matches)
-        return _tzinfome(matches[0])
-      else:
-        warning += "We detected no matches for your /etc/localtime."
-      warnings.warn(warning)
-
-      # Register /etc/localtime as the timezone loaded.
-      pytz._tzinfo_cache['/etc/localtime'] = localtime
-      return localtime
-
-
-def _detect_timezone_php():
-  tomatch = (time.tzname[0], time.timezone, time.daylight)
-  now = datetime.datetime.now()
-
-  matches = []
-  for tzname in pytz.all_timezones:
-    try:
-      tz = pytz.timezone(tzname)
-    except IOError:
-      continue
-
-    try:
-      indst = tz.localize(now).timetuple()[-1]
-
-      if tomatch == (tz._tzname, -tz._utcoffset.seconds, indst):
-        matches.append(tzname)
-
-    # pylint: disable-msg=W0704
-    except AttributeError:
-      pass
-
-  if len(matches) > 1:
-    warnings.warn("We detected multiple matches for the timezone, choosing "
-                  "the first %s. (Matches where %s)" % (matches[0], matches))
-    return pytz.timezone(matches[0])
-
-
-class datetime_tz(datetime.datetime):
-  """An extension of the inbuilt datetime adding more functionality.
-
-  The extra functionality includes:
-    * Partial parsing support (IE 2006/02/30 matches %Y/%M/%D %H:%M)
-    * Full integration with pytz (just give it the string of the timezone!)
-    * Proper support for going to/from Unix timestamps (which are in UTC!).
-  """
-  __slots__ = ["is_dst"]
-
-  def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):
-    args = list(args)
-    if not args:
-      raise TypeError("Not enough arguments given.")
-
-    # See if we are given a tzinfo object...
-    tzinfo = None
-    if isinstance(args[-1], (datetime.tzinfo, basestring)):
-      tzinfo = _tzinfome(args.pop(-1))
-    elif kw.get("tzinfo", None) is not None:
-      tzinfo = _tzinfome(kw.pop("tzinfo"))
-
-    # Create a datetime object if we don't have one
-    if isinstance(args[0], datetime.datetime):
-      # Convert the datetime instance to a datetime object.
-      newargs = (list(args[0].timetuple()[0:6]) +
-                 [args[0].microsecond, args[0].tzinfo])
-      dt = datetime.datetime(*newargs)
-
-      if tzinfo is None and dt.tzinfo is None:
-        raise TypeError("Must specify a timezone!")
-
-      if tzinfo is not None and dt.tzinfo is not None:
-        raise TypeError("Can not give a timezone with timezone aware"
-                        " datetime object! (Use localize.)")
-    else:
-      dt = datetime.datetime(*args, **kw)
-
-    if dt.tzinfo is not None:
-      # Re-normalize the dt object
-      dt = dt.tzinfo.normalize(dt)
-
-    else:
-      if tzinfo is None:
-        tzinfo = localtz()
-
-      try:
-        dt = tzinfo.localize(dt, is_dst=None)
-      except pytz.AmbiguousTimeError:
-        is_dst = None
-        if "is_dst" in kw:
-          is_dst = kw.pop("is_dst")
-
-        try:
-          dt = tzinfo.localize(dt, is_dst)
-        except IndexError:
-          raise pytz.AmbiguousTimeError("No such time exists!")
-
-    newargs = list(dt.timetuple()[0:6])+[dt.microsecond, dt.tzinfo]
-    obj = datetime.datetime.__new__(cls, *newargs)
-    obj.is_dst = obj.dst() != datetime.timedelta(0)
-    return obj
-
-  def asdatetime(self, naive=True):
-    """Return this datetime_tz as a datetime object.
-
-    Args:
-      naive: Return *without* any tz info.
-
-    Returns:
-      This datetime_tz as a datetime object.
-    """
-    args = list(self.timetuple()[0:6])+[self.microsecond]
-    if not naive:
-      args.append(self.tzinfo)
-    return datetime.datetime(*args)
-
-  def asdate(self):
-    """Return this datetime_tz as a date object.
-
-    Returns:
-      This datetime_tz as a date object.
-    """
-    return datetime.date(self.year, self.month, self.day)
-
-  def totimestamp(self):
-    """Convert this datetime object back to a unix timestamp.
-
-    The Unix epoch is the time 00:00:00 UTC on January 1, 1970.
-
-    Returns:
-      Unix timestamp.
-    """
-    return calendar.timegm(self.utctimetuple())+1e-6*self.microsecond
-
-  def astimezone(self, tzinfo):
-    """Returns a version of this timestamp converted to the given timezone.
-
-    Args:
-      tzinfo: Either a datetime.tzinfo object or a string (which will be looked
-              up in pytz.
-
-    Returns:
-      A datetime_tz object in the given timezone.
-    """
-    # Assert we are not a naive datetime object
-    assert self.tzinfo is not None
-
-    tzinfo = _tzinfome(tzinfo)
-
-    d = self.asdatetime(naive=False).astimezone(tzinfo)
-    return datetime_tz(d)
-
-  # pylint: disable-msg=C6113
-  def replace(self, **kw):
-    """Return datetime with new specified fields given as arguments.
-
-    For example, dt.replace(days=4) would return a new datetime_tz object with
-    exactly the same as dt but with the days attribute equal to 4.
-
-    Any attribute can be replaced, but tzinfo can not be set to None.
-
-    Args:
-      Any datetime_tz attribute.
-
-    Returns:
-      A datetime_tz object with the attributes replaced.
-
-    Raises:
-      TypeError: If the given replacement is invalid.
-    """
-    if "tzinfo" in kw:
-      if kw["tzinfo"] is None:
-        raise TypeError("Can not remove the timezone use asdatetime()")
-
-    is_dst = None
-    if "is_dst" in kw:
-      is_dst = kw["is_dst"]
-      del kw["is_dst"]
-    else:
-      # Use our own DST setting..
-      is_dst = self.is_dst
-
-    replaced = self.asdatetime().replace(**kw)
-
-    return datetime_tz(replaced, tzinfo=self.tzinfo.zone, is_dst=is_dst)
-
-  # pylint: disable-msg=C6310
-  @classmethod
-  def smartparse(cls, toparse, tzinfo=None):
-    """Method which uses dateutil.parse and extras to try and parse the string.
-
-    Valid dates are found at:
-     http://labix.org/python-dateutil#head-1443e0f14ad5dff07efd465e080d1110920673d8-2
-
-    Other valid formats include:
-      "now" or "today"
-      "yesterday"
-      "tommorrow"
-      "5 minutes ago"
-      "10 hours ago"
-      "10h5m ago"
-      "start of yesterday"
-      "end of tommorrow"
-      "end of 3rd of March"
-
-    Args:
-      toparse: The string to parse.
-      tzinfo: Timezone for the resultant datetime_tz object should be in.
-              (Defaults to your local timezone.)
-
-    Returns:
-      New datetime_tz object.
-
-    Raises:
-      ValueError: If unable to make sense of the input.
-    """
-    # Default for empty fields are:
-    #  year/month/day == now
-    #  hour/minute/second/microsecond == 0
-    toparse = toparse.strip()
-
-    if tzinfo is None:
-      dt = cls.now()
-    else:
-      dt = cls.now(tzinfo)
-
-    default = dt.replace(hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0)
-
-    # Remove "start of " and "end of " prefix in the string
-    if toparse.lower().startswith("end of "):
-      toparse = toparse[7:].strip()
-
-      dt += datetime.timedelta(days=1)
-      dt = dt.replace(hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0)
-      dt -= datetime.timedelta(microseconds=1)
-
-      default = dt
-
-    elif toparse.lower().startswith("start of "):
-      toparse = toparse[9:].strip()
-
-      dt = dt.replace(hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0)
-      default = dt
-
-    # Handle strings with "now", "today", "yesterday", "tomorrow" and "ago".
-    # Need to use lowercase
-    toparselower = toparse.lower()
-
-    if toparselower in ["now", "today"]:
-      pass
-
-    elif toparselower == "yesterday":
-      dt -= datetime.timedelta(days=1)
-
-    elif toparselower == "tommorrow":
-      dt += datetime.timedelta(days=1)
-
-    elif "ago" in toparselower:
-      # Remove the "ago" bit
-      toparselower = toparselower[:-3]
-      # Replace all "a day and an hour" with "1 day 1 hour"
-      toparselower = toparselower.replace("a ", "1 ")
-      toparselower = toparselower.replace("an ", "1 ")
-      toparselower = toparselower.replace(" and ", " ")
-
-      # Match the following
-      # 1 hour ago
-      # 1h ago
-      # 1 h ago
-      # 1 hour ago
-      # 2 hours ago
-      # Same with minutes, seconds, etc.
-
-      tocheck = ("seconds", "minutes", "hours", "days", "weeks", "months",
-                 "years")
-      result = {}
-      for match in re.finditer("([0-9]+)([^0-9]*)", toparselower):
-        amount = int(match.group(1))
-        unit = match.group(2).strip()
-
-        for bit in tocheck:
-          regex = "^([%s]|((%s)s?))$" % (
-              bit[0], bit[:-1])
-
-          bitmatch = re.search(regex, unit)
-          if bitmatch:
-            result[bit] = amount
-            break
-        else:
-          raise ValueError("Was not able to parse date unit %r!" % unit)
-
-      delta = dateutil.relativedelta.relativedelta(**result)
-      dt -= delta
-
-    else:
-      # Handle strings with normal datetime format, use original case.
-      dt = dateutil.parser.parse(toparse, default=default.asdatetime(),
-                                 tzinfos=pytz_abbr.tzinfos)
-      if dt is None:
-        raise ValueError("Was not able to parse date!")
-
-      if dt.tzinfo is pytz_abbr.unknown:
-        dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=None)
-
-      if dt.tzinfo is None:
-        if tzinfo is None:
-          tzinfo = localtz()
-        dt = cls(dt, tzinfo)
-      else:
-        if isinstance(dt.tzinfo, pytz_abbr.tzabbr):
-          abbr = dt.tzinfo
-          dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=None)
-          dt = cls(dt, abbr.zone, is_dst=abbr.dst)
-
-        dt = cls(dt)
-
-    return dt
-
-  @classmethod
-  def utcfromtimestamp(cls, timestamp):
-    """Returns a datetime object of a given timestamp (in UTC)."""
-    obj = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp)
-    obj = pytz.utc.localize(obj)
-    return cls(obj)
-
-  @classmethod
-  def fromtimestamp(cls, timestamp):
-    """Returns a datetime object of a given timestamp (in local tz)."""
-    d = cls.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp)
-    return d.astimezone(localtz())
-
-  @classmethod
-  def utcnow(cls):
-    """Return a new datetime representing UTC day and time."""
-    obj = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
-    obj = cls(obj, tzinfo=pytz.utc)
-    return obj
-
-  @classmethod
-  def now(cls, tzinfo=None):
-    """[tz] -> new datetime with tz's local day and time."""
-    obj = cls.utcnow()
-    if tzinfo is None:
-      tzinfo = localtz()
-    return obj.astimezone(tzinfo)
-
-  today = now
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def fromordinal(ordinal):
-    raise SyntaxError("Not enough information to create a datetime_tz object "
-                      "from an ordinal. Please use datetime.date.fromordinal")
-
-
-class iterate(object):
-  """Helpful iterators for working with datetime_tz objects."""
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def between(start, delta, end=None):
-    """Return an iterator between this date till given end point.
-
-    Example usage:
-      >>> d = datetime_tz.smartparse("5 days ago")
-      2008/05/12 11:45
-      >>> for i in d.between(timedelta(days=1), datetime_tz.now()):
-      >>>    print i
-      2008/05/12 11:45
-      2008/05/13 11:45
-      2008/05/14 11:45
-      2008/05/15 11:45
-      2008/05/16 11:45
-
-    Args:
-      start: The date to start at.
-      delta: The interval to iterate with.
-      end: (Optional) Date to end at. If not given the iterator will never
-           terminate.
-
-    Yields:
-      datetime_tz objects.
-    """
-    toyield = start
-    while end is None or toyield < end:
-      yield toyield
-      toyield += delta
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def weeks(start, end=None):
-    """Iterate over the weeks between the given datetime_tzs.
-
-    Args:
-      start: datetime_tz to start from.
-      end: (Optional) Date to end at, if not given the iterator will never
-           terminate.
-
-    Returns:
-      An iterator which generates datetime_tz objects a week apart.
-    """
-    return iterate.between(start, datetime.timedelta(days=7), end)
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def days(start, end=None):
-    """Iterate over the days between the given datetime_tzs.
-
-    Args:
-      start: datetime_tz to start from.
-      end: (Optional) Date to end at, if not given the iterator will never
-           terminate.
-
-    Returns:
-      An iterator which generates datetime_tz objects a day apart.
-    """
-    return iterate.between(start, datetime.timedelta(days=1), end)
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def hours(start, end=None):
-    """Iterate over the hours between the given datetime_tzs.
-
-    Args:
-      start: datetime_tz to start from.
-      end: (Optional) Date to end at, if not given the iterator will never
-           terminate.
-
-    Returns:
-      An iterator which generates datetime_tz objects a hour apart.
-    """
-    return iterate.between(start, datetime.timedelta(hours=1), end)
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def minutes(start, end=None):
-    """Iterate over the minutes between the given datetime_tzs.
-
-    Args:
-      start: datetime_tz to start from.
-      end: (Optional) Date to end at, if not given the iterator will never
-           terminate.
-
-    Returns:
-      An iterator which generates datetime_tz objects a minute apart.
-    """
-    return iterate.between(start, datetime.timedelta(minutes=1), end)
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def seconds(start, end=None):
-    """Iterate over the seconds between the given datetime_tzs.
-
-    Args:
-      start: datetime_tz to start from.
-      end: (Optional) Date to end at, if not given the iterator will never
-           terminate.
-
-    Returns:
-      An iterator which generates datetime_tz objects a second apart.
-    """
-    return iterate.between(start, datetime.timedelta(minutes=1), end)
-
-
-def _wrap_method(name):
-  """Wrap a method.
-
-  Patch a method which might return a datetime.datetime to return a
-  datetime_tz.datetime_tz instead.
-
-  Args:
-    name: The name of the method to patch
-  """
-  method = getattr(datetime.datetime, name)
-
-  # Have to give the second argument as method has no __module__ option.
-  @functools.wraps(method, ("__name__", "__doc__"), ())
-  def wrapper(*args, **kw):
-    r = method(*args, **kw)
-
-    if isinstance(r, datetime.datetime) and not isinstance(r, datetime_tz):
-      r = datetime_tz(r)
-    return r
-
-  setattr(datetime_tz, name, wrapper)
-
-for methodname in ["__add__", "__radd__", "__rsub__", "__sub__", "combine"]:
-
-  # Make sure we have not already got an override for this method
-  assert methodname not in datetime_tz.__dict__
-
-  _wrap_method(methodname)
-
-
-__all__ = ['datetime_tz', 'detect_timezone', 'iterate', 'localtz',
-    'localtz_set', 'timedelta', '_detect_timezone_environ',
-    '_detect_timezone_etc_localtime', '_detect_timezone_etc_timezone',
-    '_detect_timezone_php']

nilmdb/utils/datetime_tz/pytz_abbr.py

@@ -1,230 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python2.4
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-#
-# Copyright 2010 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
-#
-
-"""
-Common time zone acronyms/abbreviations for use with the datetime_tz module.
-
-*WARNING*: There are lots of caveats when using this module which are listed
-below.
-
-CAVEAT 1: The acronyms/abbreviations are not globally unique, they are not even
-unique within a region. For example, EST can mean any of,
-  Eastern Standard Time in Australia (which is 10 hour ahead of UTC)
-  Eastern Standard Time in North America (which is 5 hours behind UTC)
-
-Where there are two abbreviations the more popular one will appear in the all
-dictionary, while the less common one will only appear in that countries region
-dictionary. IE If using all, EST will be mapped to Eastern Standard Time in
-North America.
-
-CAVEAT 2: Many of the acronyms don't map to a neat Oslon timezones. For example,
-Eastern European Summer Time (EEDT) is used by many different countries in
-Europe *at different times*! If the acronym does not map neatly to one zone it
-is mapped to the Etc/GMT+-XX Oslon zone. This means that any date manipulations
-can end up with idiot things like summer time in the middle of winter.
-
-CAVEAT 3: The Summer/Standard time difference is really important! For an hour
-each year it is needed to determine which time you are actually talking about.
-    2002-10-27 01:20:00 EST != 2002-10-27 01:20:00 EDT
-"""
-
-import datetime
-import pytz
-import pytz.tzfile
-
-
-class tzabbr(datetime.tzinfo):
-  """A timezone abbreviation.
-
-  *WARNING*: This is not a tzinfo implementation! Trying to use this as tzinfo
-  object will result in failure.  We inherit from datetime.tzinfo so we can get
-  through the dateutil checks.
-  """
-  pass
-
-
-# A "marker" tzinfo object which is used to signify an unknown timezone.
-unknown = datetime.tzinfo(0)
-
-
-regions = {'all': {}, 'military': {}}
-# Create a special alias for the all and military regions
-all = regions['all']
-military = regions['military']
-
-
-def tzabbr_register(abbr, name, region, zone, dst):
-  """Register a new timezone abbreviation in the global registry.
-
-  If another abbreviation with the same name has already been registered it new
-  abbreviation will only be registered in region specific dictionary.
-  """
-  newabbr = tzabbr()
-  newabbr.abbr = abbr
-  newabbr.name = name
-  newabbr.region = region
-  newabbr.zone = zone
-  newabbr.dst = dst
-
-  if abbr not in all:
-    all[abbr] = newabbr
-
-  if not region in regions:
-    regions[region] = {}
-
-  assert abbr not in regions[region]
-  regions[region][abbr] = newabbr
-
-
-def tzinfos_create(use_region):
-  abbrs = regions[use_region]
-
-  def tzinfos(abbr, offset):
-    if abbr:
-      if abbr in abbrs:
-        result = abbrs[abbr]
-        if offset:
-          # FIXME: Check the offset matches the abbreviation we just selected.
-          pass
-        return result
-      else:
-        raise ValueError, "Unknown timezone found %s" % abbr
-    if offset == 0:
-      return pytz.utc
-    if offset:
-      return pytz.FixedOffset(offset/60)
-    return unknown
-
-  return tzinfos
-
-
-# Create a special alias for the all tzinfos
-tzinfos = tzinfos_create('all')
-
-
-# Create the abbreviations.
-# *WARNING*: Order matters!
-tzabbr_register("A", u"Alpha Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT-1", False)
-tzabbr_register("ACDT", u"Australian Central Daylight Time", u"Australia",
-                "Australia/Adelaide", True)
-tzabbr_register("ACST", u"Australian Central Standard Time", u"Australia",
-                "Australia/Adelaide", False)
-tzabbr_register("ADT", u"Atlantic Daylight Time", u"North America",
-                "America/Halifax", True)
-tzabbr_register("AEDT", u"Australian Eastern Daylight Time", u"Australia",
-                "Australia/Sydney", True)
-tzabbr_register("AEST", u"Australian Eastern Standard Time", u"Australia",
-                "Australia/Sydney", False)
-tzabbr_register("AKDT", u"Alaska Daylight Time", u"North America",
-                "US/Alaska", True)
-tzabbr_register("AKST", u"Alaska Standard Time", u"North America",
-                "US/Alaska", False)
-tzabbr_register("AST", u"Atlantic Standard Time", u"North America",
-                "America/Halifax", False)
-tzabbr_register("AWDT", u"Australian Western Daylight Time", u"Australia",
-                "Australia/West", True)
-tzabbr_register("AWST", u"Australian Western Standard Time", u"Australia",
-                "Australia/West", False)
-tzabbr_register("B", u"Bravo Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT-2", False)
-tzabbr_register("BST", u"British Summer Time", u"Europe", "Europe/London", True)
-tzabbr_register("C", u"Charlie Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT-2", False)
-tzabbr_register("CDT", u"Central Daylight Time", u"North America",
-                "US/Central", True)
-tzabbr_register("CEDT", u"Central European Daylight Time", u"Europe",
-                "Etc/GMT+2", True)
-tzabbr_register("CEST", u"Central European Summer Time", u"Europe",
-                "Etc/GMT+2", True)
-tzabbr_register("CET", u"Central European Time", u"Europe", "Etc/GMT+1", False)
-tzabbr_register("CST", u"Central Standard Time", u"North America",
-                "US/Central", False)
-tzabbr_register("CXT", u"Christmas Island Time", u"Australia",
-                "Indian/Christmas", False)
-tzabbr_register("D", u"Delta Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT-2", False)
-tzabbr_register("E", u"Echo Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT-2", False)
-tzabbr_register("EDT", u"Eastern Daylight Time", u"North America",
-                "US/Eastern", True)
-tzabbr_register("EEDT", u"Eastern European Daylight Time", u"Europe",
-                "Etc/GMT+3", True)
-tzabbr_register("EEST", u"Eastern European Summer Time", u"Europe",
-                "Etc/GMT+3", True)
-tzabbr_register("EET", u"Eastern European Time", u"Europe", "Etc/GMT+2", False)
-tzabbr_register("EST", u"Eastern Standard Time", u"North America",
-                "US/Eastern", False)
-tzabbr_register("F", u"Foxtrot Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT-6", False)
-tzabbr_register("G", u"Golf Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT-7", False)
-tzabbr_register("GMT", u"Greenwich Mean Time", u"Europe", pytz.utc, False)
-tzabbr_register("H", u"Hotel Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT-8", False)
-#tzabbr_register("HAA", u"Heure Avancée de l'Atlantique", u"North America", u"UTC - 3 hours")
-#tzabbr_register("HAC", u"Heure Avancée du Centre", u"North America", u"UTC - 5 hours")
-tzabbr_register("HADT", u"Hawaii-Aleutian Daylight Time", u"North America",
-                "Pacific/Honolulu", True)
-#tzabbr_register("HAE", u"Heure Avancée de l'Est", u"North America", u"UTC - 4 hours")
-#tzabbr_register("HAP", u"Heure Avancée du Pacifique", u"North America", u"UTC - 7 hours")
-#tzabbr_register("HAR", u"Heure Avancée des Rocheuses", u"North America", u"UTC - 6 hours")
-tzabbr_register("HAST", u"Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time", u"North America",
-                "Pacific/Honolulu", False)
-#tzabbr_register("HAT", u"Heure Avancée de Terre-Neuve", u"North America", u"UTC - 2:30 hours")
-#tzabbr_register("HAY", u"Heure Avancée du Yukon", u"North America", u"UTC - 8 hours")
-tzabbr_register("HDT", u"Hawaii Daylight Time", u"North America",
-                "Pacific/Honolulu", True)
-#tzabbr_register("HNA", u"Heure Normale de l'Atlantique", u"North America", u"UTC - 4 hours")
-#tzabbr_register("HNC", u"Heure Normale du Centre", u"North America", u"UTC - 6 hours")
-#tzabbr_register("HNE", u"Heure Normale de l'Est", u"North America", u"UTC - 5 hours")
-#tzabbr_register("HNP", u"Heure Normale du Pacifique", u"North America", u"UTC - 8 hours")
-#tzabbr_register("HNR", u"Heure Normale des Rocheuses", u"North America", u"UTC - 7 hours")
-#tzabbr_register("HNT", u"Heure Normale de Terre-Neuve", u"North America", u"UTC - 3:30 hours")
-#tzabbr_register("HNY", u"Heure Normale du Yukon", u"North America", u"UTC - 9 hours")
-tzabbr_register("HST", u"Hawaii Standard Time", u"North America",
-                "Pacific/Honolulu", False)
-tzabbr_register("I", u"India Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT-9", False)
-tzabbr_register("IST", u"Irish Summer Time", u"Europe", "Europe/Dublin", True)
-tzabbr_register("K", u"Kilo Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT-10", False)
-tzabbr_register("L", u"Lima Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT-11", False)
-tzabbr_register("M", u"Mike Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT-12", False)
-tzabbr_register("MDT", u"Mountain Daylight Time", u"North America",
-                "US/Mountain", True)
-#tzabbr_register("MESZ", u"Mitteleuroäische Sommerzeit", u"Europe", u"UTC + 2 hours")
-#tzabbr_register("MEZ", u"Mitteleuropäische Zeit", u"Europe", u"UTC + 1 hour")
-tzabbr_register("MSD", u"Moscow Daylight Time", u"Europe",
-                "Europe/Moscow", True)
-tzabbr_register("MSK", u"Moscow Standard Time", u"Europe",
-                "Europe/Moscow", False)
-tzabbr_register("MST", u"Mountain Standard Time", u"North America",
-                "US/Mountain", False)
-tzabbr_register("N", u"November Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT+1", False)
-tzabbr_register("NDT", u"Newfoundland Daylight Time", u"North America",
-                "America/St_Johns", True)
-tzabbr_register("NFT", u"Norfolk (Island) Time", u"Australia",
-                "Pacific/Norfolk", False)
-tzabbr_register("NST", u"Newfoundland Standard Time", u"North America",
-                "America/St_Johns", False)
-tzabbr_register("O", u"Oscar Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT+2", False)
-tzabbr_register("P", u"Papa Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT+3", False)
-tzabbr_register("PDT", u"Pacific Daylight Time", u"North America",
-                "US/Pacific", True)
-tzabbr_register("PST", u"Pacific Standard Time", u"North America",
-                "US/Pacific", False)
-tzabbr_register("Q", u"Quebec Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT+4", False)
-tzabbr_register("R", u"Romeo Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT+5", False)
-tzabbr_register("S", u"Sierra Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT+6", False)
-tzabbr_register("T", u"Tango Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT+7", False)
-tzabbr_register("U", u"Uniform Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT+8", False)
-tzabbr_register("UTC", u"Coordinated Universal Time", u"Europe",
-                pytz.utc, False)
-tzabbr_register("V", u"Victor Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT+9", False)
-tzabbr_register("W", u"Whiskey Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT+10", False)
-tzabbr_register("WDT", u"Western Daylight Time", u"Australia",
-                "Australia/West", True)
-tzabbr_register("WEDT", u"Western European Daylight Time", u"Europe",
-                "Etc/GMT+1", True)
-tzabbr_register("WEST", u"Western European Summer Time", u"Europe",
-                "Etc/GMT+1", True)
-tzabbr_register("WET", u"Western European Time", u"Europe", pytz.utc, False)
-tzabbr_register("WST", u"Western Standard Time", u"Australia",
-                "Australia/West", False)
-tzabbr_register("X", u"X-ray Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT+11", False)
-tzabbr_register("Y", u"Yankee Time Zone", u"Military", "Etc/GMT+12", False)
-tzabbr_register("Z", u"Zulu Time Zone", u"Military", pytz.utc, False)

nilmdb/utils/diskusage.py

@@ -1,25 +1,36 @@
 import os
+import errno
 from math import log
 
+
 def human_size(num):
     """Human friendly file size"""
-    unit_list = zip(['bytes', 'kiB', 'MiB', 'GiB', 'TiB'], [0, 0, 1, 2, 2])
+    unit_list = list(zip(['bytes', 'kiB', 'MiB', 'GiB', 'TiB'],
-    if num > 1:
+                         [0, 0, 1, 2, 2]))
-        exponent = min(int(log(num, 1024)), len(unit_list) - 1)
+    if num == 0:
-        quotient = float(num) / 1024**exponent
-        unit, num_decimals = unit_list[exponent]
-        format_string = '{:.%sf} {}' % (num_decimals)
-        return format_string.format(quotient, unit)
-    if num == 0: # pragma: no cover
         return '0 bytes'
-    if num == 1: # pragma: no cover
+    if num == 1:
         return '1 byte'
+    exponent = min(int(log(num, 1024)), len(unit_list) - 1)
+    quotient = float(num) / 1024**exponent
+    unit, num_decimals = unit_list[exponent]
+    format_string = '{:.%sf} {}' % (num_decimals)
+    return format_string.format(quotient, unit)
+
 
 def du(path):
-    """Like du -sb, returns total size of path in bytes."""
+    """Like du -sb, returns total size of path in bytes.  Ignore
-    size = os.path.getsize(path)
+    errors that might occur if we encounter broken symlinks or
-    if os.path.isdir(path):
+    files in the process of being removed."""
-        for thisfile in os.listdir(path):
+    try:
-            filepath = os.path.join(path, thisfile)
+        st = os.stat(path)
-            size += du(filepath)
+        size = st.st_blocks * 512
-    return size
+        if os.path.isdir(path):
+            for thisfile in os.listdir(path):
+                filepath = os.path.join(path, thisfile)
+                size += du(filepath)
+        return size
+    except OSError as e:
+        if e.errno != errno.ENOENT:
+            raise
+        return 0

nilmdb/utils/fallocate.py

@@ -1,49 +1,20 @@
 # Implementation of hole punching via fallocate, if the OS
 # and filesystem support it.
 
-try:
+import fallocate
-    import os
-    import ctypes
-    import ctypes.util
 
-    def make_fallocate():
-        libc_name = ctypes.util.find_library('c')
-        libc = ctypes.CDLL(libc_name, use_errno=True)
 
-        _fallocate = libc.fallocate
+def punch_hole(filename, offset, length, ignore_errors=True):
-        _fallocate.restype = ctypes.c_int
-        _fallocate.argtypes = [ ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int,
-                                ctypes.c_int64, ctypes.c_int64 ]
-
-        del libc
-        del libc_name
-
-        def fallocate(fd, mode, offset, len_):
-            res = _fallocate(fd, mode, offset, len_)
-            if res != 0: # pragma: no cover
-                errno = ctypes.get_errno()
-                raise IOError(errno, os.strerror(errno))
-        return fallocate
-
-    fallocate = make_fallocate()
-    del make_fallocate
-except Exception: # pragma: no cover
-    fallocate = None
-
-FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE = 0x01
-FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE = 0x02
-
-def punch_hole(filename, offset, length, ignore_errors = True):
     """Punch a hole in the file.  This isn't well supported, so errors
     are ignored by default."""
     try:
-        if fallocate is None: # pragma: no cover
-            raise IOError("fallocate not available")
         with open(filename, "r+") as f:
-            fallocate(f.fileno(),
+            fallocate.fallocate(
-                      FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE | FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE,
+                f.fileno(),
-                      offset, length)
+                offset,
-    except IOError: # pragma: no cover
+                length,
+                fallocate.FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE | fallocate.FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE)
+    except Exception:
         if ignore_errors:
             return
         raise

nilmdb/utils/interval.py

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+"""Interval.  Like nilmdb.server.interval, but re-implemented here
+in plain Python so clients have easier access to it, and with a few
+helper functions.
+
+Intervals are half-open, ie. they include data points with timestamps
+[start, end)
+"""
+
+import nilmdb.utils.time
+import nilmdb.utils.iterator
+
+
+class IntervalError(Exception):
+    """Error due to interval overlap, etc"""
+    pass
+
+
+# Interval
+class Interval:
+    """Represents an interval of time."""
+
+    def __init__(self, start, end):
+        """
+        'start' and 'end' are arbitrary numbers that represent time
+        """
+        if start >= end:
+            # Explicitly disallow zero-width intervals, since they're half-open
+            raise IntervalError("start %s must precede end %s" % (start, end))
+        self.start = start
+        self.end = end
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        s = repr(self.start) + ", " + repr(self.end)
+        return self.__class__.__name__ + "(" + s + ")"
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ("[" + nilmdb.utils.time.timestamp_to_string(self.start) +
+                " -> " + nilmdb.utils.time.timestamp_to_string(self.end) + ")")
+
+    def human_string(self):
+        return ("[ " + nilmdb.utils.time.timestamp_to_human(self.start) +
+                " -> " + nilmdb.utils.time.timestamp_to_human(self.end) + " ]")
+
+    # Compare two intervals.  If non-equal, order by start then end
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        return (self.start, self.end) < (other.start, other.end)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        return (self.start, self.end) > (other.start, other.end)
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        return (self.start, self.end) <= (other.start, other.end)
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        return (self.start, self.end) >= (other.start, other.end)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return (self.start, self.end) == (other.start, other.end)
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return (self.start, self.end) != (other.start, other.end)
+
+    def intersects(self, other):
+        """Return True if two Interval objects intersect"""
+        if not isinstance(other, Interval):
+            raise TypeError("need an Interval")
+        if self.end <= other.start or self.start >= other.end:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def subset(self, start, end):
+        """Return a new Interval that is a subset of this one"""
+        # A subclass that tracks additional data might override this.
+        if start < self.start or end > self.end:
+            raise IntervalError("not a subset")
+        return Interval(start, end)
+
+
+def _interval_math_helper(a, b, op, subset=True):
+    """Helper for set_difference, intersection functions,
+    to compute interval subsets based on a math operator on ranges
+    present in A and B.  Subsets are computed from A, or new intervals
+    are generated if subset = False."""
+    # Iterate through all starts and ends in sorted order.  Add a
+    # tag to the iterator so that we can figure out which one they
+    # were, after sorting.
+    def decorate(it, key_start, key_end):
+        for i in it:
+            yield i.start, key_start, i
+            yield i.end, key_end, i
+    a_iter = decorate(iter(a), 0, 2)
+    b_iter = decorate(iter(b), 1, 3)
+
+    # Now iterate over the timestamps of each start and end.
+    # At each point, evaluate which type of end it is, to determine
+    # how to build up the output intervals.
+    a_interval = None
+    in_a = False
+    in_b = False
+    out_start = None
+    for (ts, k, i) in nilmdb.utils.iterator.imerge(a_iter, b_iter):
+        if k == 0:
+            a_interval = i
+            in_a = True
+        elif k == 1:
+            in_b = True
+        elif k == 2:
+            in_a = False
+        else:  # k == 3
+            in_b = False
+        include = op(in_a, in_b)
+        if include and out_start is None:
+            out_start = ts
+        elif not include:
+            if out_start is not None and out_start != ts:
+                if subset:
+                    yield a_interval.subset(out_start, ts)
+                else:
+                    yield Interval(out_start, ts)
+            out_start = None
+
+
+def set_difference(a, b):
+    """
+    Compute the difference (a \\ b) between the intervals in 'a' and
+    the intervals in 'b'; i.e., the ranges that are present in 'self'
+    but not 'other'.
+
+    'a' and 'b' must both be iterables.
+
+    Returns a generator that yields each interval in turn.
+    Output intervals are built as subsets of the intervals in the
+    first argument (a).
+    """
+    return _interval_math_helper(a, b, (lambda a, b: a and not b))
+
+
+def intersection(a, b):
+    """
+    Compute the intersection between the intervals in 'a' and the
+    intervals in 'b'; i.e., the ranges that are present in both 'a'
+    and 'b'.
+
+    'a' and 'b' must both be iterables.
+
+    Returns a generator that yields each interval in turn.
+    Output intervals are built as subsets of the intervals in the
+    first argument (a).
+    """
+    return _interval_math_helper(a, b, (lambda a, b: a and b))
+
+
+def optimize(it):
+    """
+    Given an iterable 'it' with intervals, optimize them by joining
+    together intervals that are adjacent in time, and return a generator
+    that yields the new intervals.
+    """
+    saved_int = None
+    for interval in it:
+        if saved_int is not None:
+            if saved_int.end == interval.start:
+                interval.start = saved_int.start
+            else:
+                yield saved_int
+        saved_int = interval
+    if saved_int is not None:
+        yield saved_int

nilmdb/utils/iterator.py

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 # Iterator merging, based on http://code.activestate.com/recipes/491285/
 import heapq
+
+
 def imerge(*iterables):
     '''Merge multiple sorted inputs into a single sorted output.
 
@@ -17,8 +19,8 @@ def imerge(*iterables):
     h_append = h.append
     for it in map(iter, iterables):
         try:
-            next = it.next
+            nexter = it.__next__
-            h_append([next(), next])
+            h_append([nexter(), nexter])
         except _Stop:
             pass
     heapq.heapify(h)
@@ -26,9 +28,9 @@ def imerge(*iterables):
     while 1:
         try:
             while 1:
-                v, next = s = h[0]      # raises IndexError when h is empty
+                v, nexter = s = h[0]    # raises IndexError when h is empty
                 yield v
-                s[0] = next()           # raises StopIteration when exhausted
+                s[0] = nexter()         # raises StopIteration when exhausted
                 siftup(h, 0)            # restore heap condition
         except _Stop:
             heappop(h)                  # remove empty iterator

nilmdb/utils/iteratorizer.py

@@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
-import Queue
-import threading
-import sys
-import contextlib
-
-# This file provides a context manager that converts a function
-# that takes a callback into a generator that returns an iterable.
-# This is done by running the function in a new thread.
-
-# Based partially on http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9968592/
-
-class IteratorizerThread(threading.Thread):
-    def __init__(self, queue, function, curl_hack):
-        """
-        function: function to execute, which takes the
-        callback (provided by this class) as an argument
-        """
-        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
-        self.name = "Iteratorizer-" + function.__name__ + "-" + self.name
-        self.function = function
-        self.queue = queue
-        self.die = False
-        self.curl_hack = curl_hack
-
-    def callback(self, data):
-        try:
-            if self.die:
-                raise Exception() # trigger termination
-            self.queue.put((1, data))
-        except:
-            if self.curl_hack:
-                # We can't raise exceptions, because the pycurl
-                # extension module will unconditionally print the
-                # exception itself, and not pass it up to the caller.
-                # Instead, just return a value that tells curl to
-                # abort.  (-1 would be best, in case we were given 0
-                # bytes, but the extension doesn't support that).
-                self.queue.put((2, sys.exc_info()))
-                return 0
-            raise
-
-    def run(self):
-        try:
-            result = self.function(self.callback)
-        except:
-            self.queue.put((2, sys.exc_info()))
-        else:
-            self.queue.put((0, result))
-
-@contextlib.contextmanager
-def Iteratorizer(function, curl_hack = False):
-    """
-    Context manager that takes a function expecting a callback,
-    and provides an iterable that yields the values passed to that
-    callback instead.
-
-    function: function to execute, which takes a callback
-    (provided by this context manager) as an argument
-
-        with iteratorizer(func) as it:
-            for i in it:
-                print 'callback was passed:', i
-        print 'function returned:', it.retval
-    """
-    queue = Queue.Queue(maxsize = 1)
-    thread = IteratorizerThread(queue, function, curl_hack)
-    thread.daemon = True
-    thread.start()
-
-    class iteratorizer_gen(object):
-        def __init__(self, queue):
-            self.queue = queue
-            self.retval = None
-
-        def __iter__(self):
-            return self
-
-        def next(self):
-            (typ, data) = self.queue.get()
-            if typ == 0:
-                # function has returned
-                self.retval = data
-                raise StopIteration
-            elif typ == 1:
-                # data is available
-                return data
-            else:
-                # callback raised an exception
-                raise data[0], data[1], data[2]
-
-    try:
-        yield iteratorizer_gen(queue)
-    finally:
-        # Ask the thread to die, if it's still running.
-        thread.die = True
-        while thread.isAlive():
-            try:
-                queue.get(True, 0.01)
-            except: # pragma: no cover
-                pass

nilmdb/utils/lock.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# File locking
+
+import fcntl
+import errno
+
+
+def exclusive_lock(f):
+    """Acquire an exclusive lock.  Returns True on successful
+    lock, or False on error."""
+    try:
+        fcntl.flock(f.fileno(), fcntl.LOCK_EX | fcntl.LOCK_NB)
+    except IOError as e:
+        if e.errno in (errno.EACCES, errno.EAGAIN):
+            return False
+        else:
+            raise
+    return True
+
+
+def exclusive_unlock(f):
+    """Release an exclusive lock."""
+    fcntl.flock(f.fileno(), fcntl.LOCK_UN)

nilmdb/utils/lrucache.py

@@ -6,10 +6,11 @@
 import collections
 import decorator
 
-def lru_cache(size = 10, onremove = None, keys = slice(None)):
+
+def lru_cache(size=10, onremove=None, keys=slice(None)):
     """Least-recently-used cache decorator.
 
-    @lru_cache(size = 10, onevict = None)
+    @lru_cache(size=10, onremove=None)
     def f(...):
         pass
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ def lru_cache(size = 10, onremove = None, keys = slice(None)):
     """
 
     def decorate(func):
-        cache = collections.OrderedDict()	# order: least- to most-recent
+        cache = collections.OrderedDict()  # order: least- to most-recent
 
         def evict(value):
             if onremove:
@@ -43,8 +44,8 @@ def lru_cache(size = 10, onremove = None, keys = slice(None)):
                 value = orig(*args)
                 orig.cache_misses += 1
                 if len(cache) >= size:
-                    evict(cache.popitem(0)[1])	# evict LRU cache entry
+                    evict(cache.popitem(0)[1])  # evict LRU cache entry
-            cache[key] = value              	# (re-)insert this key at end
+            cache[key] = value                  # (re-)insert this key at end
             return value
 
         def cache_remove(*args):
@@ -53,14 +54,17 @@ def lru_cache(size = 10, onremove = None, keys = slice(None)):
             if key in cache:
                 evict(cache.pop(key))
             else:
-                if len(cache) > 0 and len(args) != len(cache.iterkeys().next()):
+                if cache:
-                    raise KeyError("trying to remove from LRU cache, but "
+                    if len(args) != len(next(iter(cache.keys()))):
-                                   "number of arguments doesn't match the "
+                        raise KeyError("trying to remove from LRU cache, but "
-                                   "cache key length")
+                                       "number of arguments doesn't match the "
+                                       "cache key length")
 
         def cache_remove_all():
+            nonlocal cache
             for key in cache:
-                evict(cache.pop(key))
+                evict(cache[key])
+            cache = collections.OrderedDict()
 
         def cache_info():
             return (func.cache_hits, func.cache_misses)

nilmdb/utils/mustclose.py

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-from nilmdb.utils.printf import *
 import sys
 import inspect
 import decorator
+from nilmdb.utils.printf import fprintf
 
-def must_close(errorfile = sys.stderr, wrap_verify = False):
+
+def must_close(errorfile=sys.stderr, wrap_verify=False):
     """Class decorator that warns on 'errorfile' at deletion time if
     the class's close() member wasn't called.
 
@@ -12,12 +13,17 @@ def must_close(errorfile = sys.stderr, wrap_verify = False):
     already been called."""
     def class_decorator(cls):
 
+        def is_method_or_function(x):
+            return inspect.ismethod(x) or inspect.isfunction(x)
+
         def wrap_class_method(wrapper):
             try:
-                orig = getattr(cls, wrapper.__name__).im_func
+                orig = getattr(cls, wrapper.__name__)
-            except:
+            except AttributeError:
                 orig = lambda x: None
-            setattr(cls, wrapper.__name__, decorator.decorator(wrapper, orig))
+            if is_method_or_function(orig):
+                setattr(cls, wrapper.__name__,
+                        decorator.decorator(wrapper, orig))
 
         @wrap_class_method
         def __init__(orig, self, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -28,10 +34,13 @@ def must_close(errorfile = sys.stderr, wrap_verify = False):
 
         @wrap_class_method
         def __del__(orig, self, *args, **kwargs):
-            if "_must_close" in self.__dict__:
+            try:
-                fprintf(errorfile, "error: %s.close() wasn't called!\n",
+                if "_must_close" in self.__dict__:
-                        self.__class__.__name__)
+                    fprintf(errorfile, "error: %s.close() wasn't called!\n",
-            return orig(self, *args, **kwargs)
+                            self.__class__.__name__)
+                return orig(self, *args, **kwargs)
+            except:
+                pass
 
         @wrap_class_method
         def close(orig, self, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -42,20 +51,21 @@ def must_close(errorfile = sys.stderr, wrap_verify = False):
         # Optionally wrap all other functions
         def verifier(orig, self, *args, **kwargs):
             if ("_must_close" not in self.__dict__ and
-                "_must_close_initialized" in self.__dict__):
+                    "_must_close_initialized" in self.__dict__):
                 raise AssertionError("called " + str(orig) + " after close")
             return orig(self, *args, **kwargs)
         if wrap_verify:
-            for (name, method) in inspect.getmembers(cls, inspect.ismethod):
+            for (name, method) in inspect.getmembers(cls,
-                # Skip class methods
+                                                     is_method_or_function):
-                if method.__self__ is not None:
-                    continue
                 # Skip some methods
-                if name in [ "__del__", "__init__" ]:
+                if name in ["__del__", "__init__"]:
                     continue
                 # Set up wrapper
-                setattr(cls, name, decorator.decorator(verifier,
+                if inspect.ismethod(method):
-                                                       method.im_func))
+                    func = method.__func__
+                else:
+                    func = method
+                setattr(cls, name, decorator.decorator(verifier, func))
 
         return cls
     return class_decorator

nilmdb/utils/printf.py

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 """printf, fprintf, sprintf"""
 
-from __future__ import print_function
+
 def printf(_str, *args):
     print(_str % args, end='')
+
+
 def fprintf(_file, _str, *args):
     print(_str % args, end='', file=_file)
+
+
 def sprintf(_str, *args):
     return (_str % args)

nilmdb/utils/serializer.py

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
-import Queue
+import queue
 import threading
 import sys
-import decorator
-import inspect
-import types
-import functools
 
 # This file provides a class that will wrap an object and serialize
 # all calls to its methods.  All calls to that object will be queued
@@ -13,6 +9,7 @@ import functools
 
 # Based partially on http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2642515/
 
+
 class SerializerThread(threading.Thread):
     """Thread that retrieves call information from the queue, makes the
     call, and returns the results."""
@@ -30,7 +27,7 @@ class SerializerThread(threading.Thread):
             exception = None
             result = None
             try:
-                result = func(*args, **kwargs) # wrapped
+                result = func(*args, **kwargs)  # wrapped
             except:
                 exception = sys.exc_info()
             # Ensure we delete these before returning a result, so
@@ -40,6 +37,7 @@ class SerializerThread(threading.Thread):
             result_queue.put((exception, result))
             del exception, result
 
+
 def serializer_proxy(obj_or_type):
     """Wrap the given object or type in a SerializerObjectProxy.
 
@@ -49,61 +47,88 @@ def serializer_proxy(obj_or_type):
     The proxied requests, including instantiation, are performed in a
     single thread and serialized between caller threads.
     """
-    class SerializerCallProxy(object):
+    class SerializerCallProxy():
         def __init__(self, call_queue, func, objectproxy):
             self.call_queue = call_queue
             self.func = func
             # Need to hold a reference to object proxy so it doesn't
             # go away (and kill the thread) until after get called.
             self.objectproxy = objectproxy
+
         def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-            result_queue = Queue.Queue()
+            result_queue = queue.Queue()
             self.call_queue.put((result_queue, self.func, args, kwargs))
-            ( exc_info, result ) = result_queue.get()
+            (exc_info, result) = result_queue.get()
             if exc_info is None:
                 return result
             else:
-                raise exc_info[0], exc_info[1], exc_info[2]
+                raise exc_info[1].with_traceback(exc_info[2])
 
-    class SerializerObjectProxy(object):
+    class SerializerObjectProxy():
         def __init__(self, obj_or_type, *args, **kwargs):
             self.__object = obj_or_type
-            try:
+            if isinstance(obj_or_type, type):
-                if type(obj_or_type) in (types.TypeType, types.ClassType):
+                classname = obj_or_type.__name__
-                    classname = obj_or_type.__name__
+            else:
-                else:
+                classname = obj_or_type.__class__.__name__
-                    classname = obj_or_type.__class__.__name__
+            self.__call_queue = queue.Queue()
-            except AttributeError: # pragma: no cover
-                classname = "???"
-            self.__call_queue = Queue.Queue()
             self.__thread = SerializerThread(classname, self.__call_queue)
             self.__thread.daemon = True
             self.__thread.start()
             self._thread_safe = True
 
         def __getattr__(self, key):
-            if key.startswith("_SerializerObjectProxy__"): # pragma: no cover
+            # If the attribute is a function, we want to return a
-                raise AttributeError
+            # proxy that will perform the call through the serializer
+            # when called.  Otherwise, we want to return the value
+            # directly.  This means we need to grab the attribute once,
+            # and therefore self.__object.__getattr__ may be called
+            # in an unsafe way, from the caller's thread.
             attr = getattr(self.__object, key)
             if not callable(attr):
+                # It's not callable, so perform the getattr from within
+                # the serializer thread, then return its value.
+                # That may differ from the "attr" value we just grabbed
+                # from here, due to forced ordering in the serializer.
                 getter = SerializerCallProxy(self.__call_queue, getattr, self)
                 return getter(self.__object, key)
-            r = SerializerCallProxy(self.__call_queue, attr, self)
+            else:
-            return r
+                # It is callable, so return an object that will proxy through
+                # the serializer when called.
+                r = SerializerCallProxy(self.__call_queue, attr, self)
+                return r
+
+        # For an interable object, on __iter__(), save the object's
+        # iterator and return this proxy.  On next(), call the object's
+        # iterator through this proxy.
+        def __iter__(self):
+            attr = getattr(self.__object, "__iter__")
+            self.__iter = SerializerCallProxy(self.__call_queue, attr, self)()
+            return self
+
+        def __next__(self):
+            return SerializerCallProxy(self.__call_queue,
+                                       self.__iter.__next__, self)()
+
+        def __getitem__(self, key):
+            return self.__getattr__("__getitem__")(key)
 
         def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
             """Call this to instantiate the type, if a type was passed
             to serializer_proxy.  Otherwise, pass the call through."""
             ret = SerializerCallProxy(self.__call_queue,
                                       self.__object, self)(*args, **kwargs)
-            if type(self.__object) in (types.TypeType, types.ClassType):
+            if isinstance(self.__object, type):
                 # Instantiation
                 self.__object = ret
                 return self
             return ret
 
         def __del__(self):
-            self.__call_queue.put((None, None, None, None))
+            try:
-            self.__thread.join()
+                # Signal thread to exit, but don't wait for it.
+                self.__call_queue.put((None, None, None, None))
+            except:
+                pass
 
     return SerializerObjectProxy(obj_or_type)

nilmdb/utils/sort.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import re
+
+
+def sort_human(items, key=None):
+    """Human-friendly sort (/stream/2 before /stream/10)"""
+    def to_num(val):
+        try:
+            return int(val)
+        except Exception:
+            return val
+
+    def human_key(text):
+        if key:
+            text = key(text)
+        # Break into character and numeric chunks.
+        chunks = re.split(r'([0-9]+)', text)
+        return [to_num(c) for c in chunks]
+
+    return sorted(items, key=human_key)

nilmdb/utils/threadsafety.py

@@ -1,26 +1,25 @@
-from nilmdb.utils.printf import *
 import threading
-import warnings
+from nilmdb.utils.printf import sprintf
-import types
 
-def verify_proxy(obj_or_type, exception = False, check_thread = True,
+
-                 check_concurrent = True):
+def verify_proxy(obj_or_type, check_thread=True,
+                 check_concurrent=True):
     """Wrap the given object or type in a VerifyObjectProxy.
 
     Returns a VerifyObjectProxy that proxies all method calls to the
     given object, as well as attribute retrievals.
 
-    When calling methods, the following checks are performed.  If
+    When calling methods, the following checks are performed.  On
-    exception is True, an exception is raised.  Otherwise, a warning
+    failure, an exception is raised.
-    is printed.
 
-    check_thread = True     # Warn/fail if two different threads call methods.
+    check_thread = True     # Fail if two different threads call methods.
-    check_concurrent = True # Warn/fail if two functions are concurrently
+    check_concurrent = True # Fail if two functions are concurrently
                             # run through this proxy
     """
-    class Namespace(object):
+    class Namespace():
         pass
-    class VerifyCallProxy(object):
+
+    class VerifyCallProxy():
         def __init__(self, func, parent_namespace):
             self.func = func
             self.parent_namespace = parent_namespace
@@ -42,22 +41,16 @@ def verify_proxy(obj_or_type, exception = False, check_thread = True,
                               " but %s called %s.%s",
                               p.thread.name, p.classname, p.thread_callee,
                               this.name, p.classname, callee)
-                if exception:
+                raise AssertionError(err)
-                    raise AssertionError(err)
-                else: # pragma: no cover
-                    warnings.warn(err)
 
             need_concur_unlock = False
             if check_concurrent:
-                if p.concur_lock.acquire(False) == False:
+                if not p.concur_lock.acquire(False):
                     err = sprintf("unsafe concurrency: %s called %s.%s "
                                   "while %s is still in %s.%s",
                                   this.name, p.classname, callee,
                                   p.concur_tname, p.classname, p.concur_callee)
-                    if exception:
+                    raise AssertionError(err)
-                        raise AssertionError(err)
-                    else: # pragma: no cover
-                        warnings.warn(err)
                 else:
                     p.concur_tname = this.name
                     p.concur_callee = callee
@@ -70,7 +63,7 @@ def verify_proxy(obj_or_type, exception = False, check_thread = True,
                     p.concur_lock.release()
             return ret
 
-    class VerifyObjectProxy(object):
+    class VerifyObjectProxy():
         def __init__(self, obj_or_type, *args, **kwargs):
             p = Namespace()
             self.__ns = p
@@ -80,17 +73,12 @@ def verify_proxy(obj_or_type, exception = False, check_thread = True,
             p.concur_tname = None
             p.concur_callee = None
             self.__obj = obj_or_type
-            try:
+            if isinstance(obj_or_type, type):
-                if type(obj_or_type) in (types.TypeType, types.ClassType):
+                p.classname = self.__obj.__name__
-                    p.classname = self.__obj.__name__
+            else:
-                else:
+                p.classname = self.__obj.__class__.__name__
-                    p.classname = self.__obj.__class__.__name__
-            except AttributeError: # pragma: no cover
-                p.classname = "???"
 
         def __getattr__(self, key):
-            if key.startswith("_VerifyObjectProxy__"): # pragma: no cover
-                raise AttributeError
             attr = getattr(self.__obj, key)
             if not callable(attr):
                 return VerifyCallProxy(getattr, self.__ns)(self.__obj, key)
@@ -100,7 +88,7 @@ def verify_proxy(obj_or_type, exception = False, check_thread = True,
             """Call this to instantiate the type, if a type was passed
             to verify_proxy.  Otherwise, pass the call through."""
             ret = VerifyCallProxy(self.__obj, self.__ns)(*args, **kwargs)
-            if type(self.__obj) in (types.TypeType, types.ClassType):
+            if isinstance(self.__obj, type):
                 # Instantiation
                 self.__obj = ret
                 return self

nilmdb/utils/time.py

@@ -1,12 +1,95 @@
-from nilmdb.utils import datetime_tz
 import re
+import time
+import datetime_tz
+
+# Range
+min_timestamp = (-2**63)
+max_timestamp = (2**63 - 1)
+
+# Smallest representable step
+epsilon = 1
+
+
+def string_to_timestamp(string):
+    """Convert a string that represents an integer number of microseconds
+    since epoch."""
+    try:
+        # Parse a string like "1234567890123456" and return an integer
+        return int(string)
+    except ValueError:
+        # Try parsing as a float, in case it's "1234567890123456.0"
+        return int(round(float(string)))
+
+
+def timestamp_to_string(timestamp):
+    """Convert a timestamp (integer microseconds since epoch) to a string"""
+    if isinstance(timestamp, float):
+        return str(int(round(timestamp)))
+    else:
+        return str(timestamp)
+
+
+def timestamp_to_bytes(timestamp):
+    """Convert a timestamp (integer microseconds since epoch) to a Python
+    bytes object"""
+    return timestamp_to_string(timestamp).encode('utf-8')
+
+
+def timestamp_to_human(timestamp):
+    """Convert a timestamp (integer microseconds since epoch) to a
+    human-readable string, using the local timezone for display
+    (e.g. from the TZ env var)."""
+    if timestamp == min_timestamp:
+        return "(minimum)"
+    if timestamp == max_timestamp:
+        return "(maximum)"
+    dt = datetime_tz.datetime_tz.fromtimestamp(timestamp_to_unix(timestamp))
+    return dt.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S.%f %z")
+
+
+def unix_to_timestamp(unix):
+    """Convert a Unix timestamp (floating point seconds since epoch)
+    into a NILM timestamp (integer microseconds since epoch)"""
+    return int(round(unix * 1e6))
+
+
+def timestamp_to_unix(timestamp):
+    """Convert a NILM timestamp (integer microseconds since epoch)
+    into a Unix timestamp (floating point seconds since epoch)"""
+    return timestamp / 1e6
+
+
+seconds_to_timestamp = unix_to_timestamp
+timestamp_to_seconds = timestamp_to_unix
+
+
+def rate_to_period(hz, cycles=1):
+    """Convert a rate (in Hz) to a period (in timestamp units).
+    Returns an integer."""
+    period = unix_to_timestamp(cycles) / float(hz)
+    return int(round(period))
+
 
 def parse_time(toparse):
     """
-    Parse a free-form time string and return a datetime_tz object.
+    Parse a free-form time string and return a nilmdb timestamp
-    If the string doesn't contain a timestamp, the current local
+    (integer microseconds since epoch).  If the string doesn't contain a
-    timezone is assumed (e.g. from the TZ env var).
+    timestamp, the current local timezone is assumed (e.g. from the TZ
+    env var).
     """
+    if toparse == "min":
+        return min_timestamp
+    if toparse == "max":
+        return max_timestamp
+
+    # If it starts with @, treat it as a NILM timestamp
+    # (integer microseconds since epoch)
+    try:
+        if toparse[0] == '@':
+            return int(toparse[1:])
+    except (ValueError, KeyError, IndexError):
+        pass
+
     # If string isn't "now" and doesn't contain at least 4 digits,
     # consider it invalid.  smartparse might otherwise accept
     # empty strings and strings with just separators.
@@ -15,17 +98,20 @@ def parse_time(toparse):
 
     # Try to just parse the time as given
     try:
-        return datetime_tz.datetime_tz.smartparse(toparse)
+        return unix_to_timestamp(datetime_tz.datetime_tz.
-    except ValueError:
+                                 smartparse(toparse).totimestamp())
+    except (ValueError, OverflowError, TypeError):
         pass
 
-    # Try to treat it as a single double
+    # If it's parseable as a float, treat it as a Unix or NILM
+    # timestamp based on its range.
     try:
-        timestamp = float(toparse)
+        val = float(toparse)
-        # range is from about year 2001 - 2065
+        # range is from about year 2001 - 2128
-        if timestamp < 1e9 or timestamp > 3e9:
+        if 1e9 < val < 5e9:
-            raise ValueError
+            return unix_to_timestamp(val)
-        return datetime_tz.datetime_tz.fromtimestamp(timestamp)
+        if 1e15 < val < 5e15:
+            return val
     except ValueError:
         pass
 
@@ -47,7 +133,8 @@ def parse_time(toparse):
                     r")", toparse)
     if res is not None:
         try:
-            return datetime_tz.datetime_tz.smartparse(res.group(2))
+            return unix_to_timestamp(datetime_tz.datetime_tz.
+                                     smartparse(res.group(2)).totimestamp())
         except ValueError:
             pass
 
@@ -55,15 +142,7 @@ def parse_time(toparse):
     # just give up for now.
     raise ValueError("unable to parse timestamp")
 
-def format_time(timestamp):
-    """
-    Convert a Unix timestamp to a string for printing, using the
-    local timezone for display (e.g. from the TZ env var).
-    """
-    dt = datetime_tz.datetime_tz.fromtimestamp(timestamp)
-    return dt.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S.%f %z")
 
-def float_time_to_string(timestamp):
+def now():
-    """Convert a floating-point Unix timestamp to a string,
+    """Return current timestamp"""
-    like '1234567890.000000'"""
+    return unix_to_timestamp(time.time())
-    return "%.6f" % timestamp

nilmdb/utils/timer.py

@@ -5,18 +5,17 @@
 #   with nilmdb.utils.Timer("flush"):
 #       foo.flush()
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import absolute_import
 import contextlib
 import time
 
+
 @contextlib.contextmanager
-def Timer(name = None, tosyslog = False):
+def Timer(name=None, tosyslog=False):
     start = time.time()
     yield
     elapsed = int((time.time() - start) * 1000)
     msg = (name or 'elapsed') + ": " + str(elapsed) + " ms"
-    if tosyslog: # pragma: no cover
+    if tosyslog:
         import syslog
         syslog.syslog(msg)
     else:

nilmdb/utils/timestamper.py

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 """File-like objects that add timestamps to the input lines"""
 
-from nilmdb.utils.printf import *
+from nilmdb.utils.printf import sprintf
-from nilmdb.utils import datetime_tz
+import nilmdb.utils.time
 
-class Timestamper(object):
+
+class Timestamper():
     """A file-like object that adds timestamps to lines of an input file."""
     def __init__(self, infile, ts_iter):
         """file: filename, or another file-like object
            ts_iter: iterator that returns a timestamp string for
            each line of the file"""
-        if isinstance(infile, basestring):
+        if isinstance(infile, str):
-            self.file = open(infile, "r")
+            self.file = open(infile, "rb")
         else:
             self.file = infile
         self.ts_iter = ts_iter
@@ -22,17 +23,19 @@ class Timestamper(object):
         while True:
             line = self.file.readline(*args)
             if not line:
-                return ""
+                return b""
-            if line[0] == '#':
+            if line[0:1] == b'#':
                 continue
-            break
+            # For some reason, coverage on python 3.8 reports that
+            # we never hit this break, even though we definitely do.
+            break  # pragma: no cover
         try:
-            return self.ts_iter.next() + line
+            return next(self.ts_iter) + line
         except StopIteration:
-            return ""
+            return b""
 
-    def readlines(self, size = None):
+    def readlines(self, size=None):
-        out = ""
+        out = b""
         while True:
             line = self.readline()
             out += line
@@ -43,15 +46,16 @@ class Timestamper(object):
     def __iter__(self):
         return self
 
-    def next(self):
+    def __next__(self):
         result = self.readline()
         if not result:
             raise StopIteration
         return result
 
+
 class TimestamperRate(Timestamper):
     """Timestamper that uses a start time and a fixed rate"""
-    def __init__(self, infile, start, rate, end = None):
+    def __init__(self, infile, start, rate, end=None):
         """
         file: file name or object
 
@@ -61,31 +65,39 @@ class TimestamperRate(Timestamper):
 
         end: If specified, raise StopIteration before outputting a value
              greater than this."""
+        timestamp_to_bytes = nilmdb.utils.time.timestamp_to_bytes
+        rate_to_period = nilmdb.utils.time.rate_to_period
+
         def iterator(start, rate, end):
             n = 0
             rate = float(rate)
             while True:
-                now = start + n / rate
+                now = start + rate_to_period(rate, n)
                 if end and now >= end:
-                    raise StopIteration
+                    return
-                yield sprintf("%.6f ", start + n / rate)
+                yield timestamp_to_bytes(now) + b" "
                 n += 1
         Timestamper.__init__(self, infile, iterator(start, rate, end))
         self.start = start
         self.rate = rate
+
     def __str__(self):
-        start = datetime_tz.datetime_tz.fromtimestamp(self.start)
-        start = start.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %Z")
         return sprintf("TimestamperRate(..., start=\"%s\", rate=%g)",
-                       str(start), self.rate)
+                       nilmdb.utils.time.timestamp_to_human(self.start),
+                       self.rate)
+
 
 class TimestamperNow(Timestamper):
     """Timestamper that uses current time"""
     def __init__(self, infile):
+        timestamp_to_bytes = nilmdb.utils.time.timestamp_to_bytes
+        get_now = nilmdb.utils.time.now
+
         def iterator():
             while True:
-                now = datetime_tz.datetime_tz.utcnow().totimestamp()
+                yield timestamp_to_bytes(get_now()) + b" "
-                yield sprintf("%.6f ", now)
+
         Timestamper.__init__(self, infile, iterator())
+
     def __str__(self):
         return "TimestamperNow(...)"

requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+argcomplete==1.12.0
+CherryPy==18.6.0
+coverage==5.2.1
+Cython==0.29.21
+decorator==4.4.2
+fallocate==1.6.4
+flake8==3.8.3
+nose==1.3.7
+numpy==1.19.1
+progressbar==2.5
+psutil==5.7.2
+python-datetime-tz==0.5.4
+python-dateutil==2.8.1
+requests==2.24.0
+tz==0.2.2
+yappi==1.2.5
+
+## The following requirements were added by pip freeze:
+beautifulsoup4==4.9.1
+certifi==2020.6.20
+chardet==3.0.4
+cheroot==8.4.2
+idna==2.10
+jaraco.classes==3.1.0
+jaraco.collections==3.0.0
+jaraco.functools==3.0.1
+jaraco.text==3.2.0
+mccabe==0.6.1
+more-itertools==8.4.0
+portend==2.6
+pycodestyle==2.6.0
+pyflakes==2.2.0
+pytz==2020.1
+six==1.15.0
+soupsieve==2.0.1
+tempora==4.0.0
+urllib3==1.25.10
+waitress==1.4.4
+WebOb==1.8.6
+WebTest==2.0.35
+zc.lockfile==2.0

setup.cfg

@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@ cover-package=nilmdb
 cover-erase=1
 # this works, puts html output in cover/ dir:
 # cover-html=1
-# need nose 1.1.3 for this:
-# cover-branches=1
 #debug=nose
 #debug-log=nose.log
 stop=1
@@ -39,3 +37,23 @@ tests=tests
 #with-profile=1
 #profile-sort=time
 ##profile-restrict=10  # doesn't work right, treated as string or something
+
+[versioneer]
+VCS=git
+style=pep440
+versionfile_source=nilmdb/_version.py
+versionfile_build=nilmdb/_version.py
+tag_prefix=nilmdb-
+parentdir_prefix=nilmdb-
+
+[flake8]
+exclude=_version.py
+extend-ignore=E731
+per-file-ignores=__init__.py:F401,E402 \
+        serializer.py:E722 \
+        mustclose.py:E722 \
+        fsck.py:E266
+
+[pylint]
+ignore=_version.py
+disable=C0103,C0111,R0913,R0914

setup.py

@@ -1,134 +1,62 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
 
 # To release a new version, tag it:
 #   git tag -a nilmdb-1.1 -m "Version 1.1"
 #   git push --tags
 # Then just package it up:
-#   python setup.py sdist
+#   python3 setup.py sdist
 
-# This is supposed to be using Distribute:
-#
-#   distutils provides a "setup" method.
-#   setuptools is a set of monkeypatches on top of that.
-#   distribute is a particular version/implementation of setuptools.
-#
-# So we don't really know if this is using the old setuptools or the
-# Distribute-provided version of setuptools.
-
-import traceback
 import sys
 import os
-
+from setuptools import setup
-try:
+from distutils.extension import Extension
-    from setuptools import setup, find_packages
-    from distutils.extension import Extension
-    import distutils.version
-except ImportError:
-    traceback.print_exc()
-    print "Please install the prerequisites listed in README.txt"
-    sys.exit(1)
 
 # Versioneer manages version numbers from git tags.
 # https://github.com/warner/python-versioneer
 import versioneer
-versioneer.versionfile_source = 'nilmdb/_version.py'
-versioneer.versionfile_build = 'nilmdb/_version.py'
-versioneer.tag_prefix = 'nilmdb-'
-versioneer.parentdir_prefix = 'nilmdb-'
-
-# Hack to workaround logging/multiprocessing issue:
-# https://groups.google.com/d/msg/nose-users/fnJ-kAUbYHQ/_UsLN786ygcJ
-try: import multiprocessing
-except: pass
-
-# Use Cython if it's new enough, otherwise use preexisting C files.
-cython_modules = [ 'nilmdb.server.interval',
-                   'nilmdb.server.layout',
-                   'nilmdb.server.rbtree' ]
-try:
-    import Cython
-    from Cython.Build import cythonize
-    if (distutils.version.LooseVersion(Cython.__version__) <
-        distutils.version.LooseVersion("0.16")):
-        print "Cython version", Cython.__version__, "is too old; not using it."
-        raise ImportError()
-    use_cython = True
-except ImportError:
-    use_cython = False
 
+# External modules that need to be built
 ext_modules = [ Extension('nilmdb.server.rocket', ['nilmdb/server/rocket.c' ]) ]
+
+# Use Cython.
+cython_modules = [ 'nilmdb.server.interval', 'nilmdb.server.rbtree' ]
+import Cython
+from Cython.Build import cythonize
 for modulename in cython_modules:
     filename = modulename.replace('.','/')
-    if use_cython:
+    ext_modules.extend(cythonize(filename + ".pyx"))
-        ext_modules.extend(cythonize(filename + ".pyx"))
-    else:
-        cfile = filename + ".c"
-        if not os.path.exists(cfile):
-            raise Exception("Missing source file " + cfile + ".  "
-                            "Try installing cython >= 0.16.")
-        ext_modules.append(Extension(modulename, [ cfile ]))
 
-# We need a MANIFEST.in.  Generate it here rather than polluting the
+# Get list of requirements to use in `install_requires` below.  Note
-# repository with yet another setup-related file.
+# that we don't make a distinction between things that are actually
-with open("MANIFEST.in", "w") as m:
+# required for end-users vs developers (or use `test_requires` or
-    m.write("""
+# anything else) -- just install everything for simplicity.
-# Root
+install_requires = open('requirements.txt').readlines()
-include README.txt
-include setup.cfg
-include setup.py
-include versioneer.py
-include Makefile
-include .coveragerc
-include .pylintrc
-
-# Cython files -- include source.
-recursive-include nilmdb/server *.pyx *.pyxdep *.pxd
-
-# Tests
-recursive-include tests *.py
-recursive-include tests/data *
-include tests/test.order
-
-# Docs
-recursive-include docs Makefile *.md
-""")
 
 # Run setup
 setup(name='nilmdb',
       version = versioneer.get_version(),
       cmdclass = versioneer.get_cmdclass(),
-      url = 'https://git.jim.sh/jim/lees/nilmdb.git',
+      url = 'https://git.jim.sh/nilm/nilmdb.git',
       author = 'Jim Paris',
       description = "NILM Database",
       long_description = "NILM Database",
       license = "Proprietary",
       author_email = 'jim@jtan.com',
-      tests_require = [ 'nose',
+      setup_requires = [ 'setuptools' ],
-                        'coverage',
+      install_requires = install_requires,
-                        ],
-      setup_requires = [ 'distribute',
-                         ],
-      install_requires = [ 'decorator',
-                           'cherrypy >= 3.2',
-                           'simplejson',
-                           'pycurl',
-                           'python-dateutil',
-                           'pytz',
-                           'psutil >= 0.3.0',
-                           'requests >= 1.1.0, < 2.0.0',
-                           ],
       packages = [ 'nilmdb',
                    'nilmdb.utils',
-                   'nilmdb.utils.datetime_tz',
                    'nilmdb.server',
                    'nilmdb.client',
                    'nilmdb.cmdline',
                    'nilmdb.scripts',
+                   'nilmdb.fsck',
                    ],
       entry_points = {
           'console_scripts': [
               'nilmtool = nilmdb.scripts.nilmtool:main',
               'nilmdb-server = nilmdb.scripts.nilmdb_server:main',
+              'nilmdb-fsck = nilmdb.scripts.nilmdb_fsck:main',
               ],
           },
       ext_modules = ext_modules,

tests/data/extract-1

@@ -2,123 +2,123 @@
 # layout: float32_8
 # start: Fri, 23 Mar 2012 10:00:30.000000 +0000
 # end: Fri, 23 Mar 2012 10:00:31.000000 +0000
-1332496830.000000 2.517740e+05 2.242410e+05 5.688100e+03 1.915530e+03 9.329220e+03 4.183710e+03 1.212350e+03 2.641790e+03
+1332496830000000 2.517740e+05 2.242410e+05 5.688100e+03 1.915530e+03 9.329220e+03 4.183710e+03 1.212350e+03 2.641790e+03
-1332496830.008333 2.595670e+05 2.226980e+05 6.207600e+03 6.786720e+02 9.380230e+03 4.575580e+03 2.830610e+03 2.688630e+03
+1332496830008333 2.595670e+05 2.226980e+05 6.207600e+03 6.786720e+02 9.380230e+03 4.575580e+03 2.830610e+03 2.688630e+03
-1332496830.016667 2.630730e+05 2.233040e+05 4.961640e+03 2.197120e+03 7.687310e+03 4.861860e+03 2.732780e+03 3.008540e+03
+1332496830016667 2.630730e+05 2.233040e+05 4.961640e+03 2.197120e+03 7.687310e+03 4.861860e+03 2.732780e+03 3.008540e+03
-1332496830.025000 2.576140e+05 2.233230e+05 5.003660e+03 3.525140e+03 7.165310e+03 4.685620e+03 1.715380e+03 3.440480e+03
+1332496830025000 2.576140e+05 2.233230e+05 5.003660e+03 3.525140e+03 7.165310e+03 4.685620e+03 1.715380e+03 3.440480e+03
-1332496830.033333 2.557800e+05 2.219150e+05 6.357310e+03 2.145290e+03 8.426970e+03 3.775350e+03 1.475390e+03 3.797240e+03
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+1332496830050000 2.612310e+05 2.264260e+05 4.980060e+03 2.982380e+03 8.499630e+03 4.267670e+03 9.940890e+02 2.292890e+03
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-1332496830.075000 2.610610e+05 2.212630e+05 6.951980e+03 1.500240e+03 9.386100e+03 3.791680e+03 2.677010e+03 3.980630e+03
+1332496830075000 2.610610e+05 2.212630e+05 6.951980e+03 1.500240e+03 9.386100e+03 3.791680e+03 2.677010e+03 3.980630e+03
-1332496830.083333 2.665030e+05 2.231980e+05 5.189610e+03 2.594560e+03 8.571530e+03 3.175000e+03 9.198400e+02 3.792010e+03
+1332496830083333 2.665030e+05 2.231980e+05 5.189610e+03 2.594560e+03 8.571530e+03 3.175000e+03 9.198400e+02 3.792010e+03
-1332496830.091667 2.606920e+05 2.251840e+05 3.782480e+03 4.642880e+03 7.662960e+03 3.917790e+03 -2.510970e+02 2.907060e+03
+1332496830091667 2.606920e+05 2.251840e+05 3.782480e+03 4.642880e+03 7.662960e+03 3.917790e+03 -2.510970e+02 2.907060e+03
-1332496830.100000 2.539630e+05 2.250810e+05 5.123530e+03 3.839550e+03 8.669030e+03 4.877820e+03 9.437240e+02 2.527450e+03
+1332496830100000 2.539630e+05 2.250810e+05 5.123530e+03 3.839550e+03 8.669030e+03 4.877820e+03 9.437240e+02 2.527450e+03
-1332496830.108333 2.565550e+05 2.241690e+05 5.930600e+03 2.298540e+03 8.906710e+03 5.331680e+03 2.549910e+03 3.053560e+03
+1332496830108333 2.565550e+05 2.241690e+05 5.930600e+03 2.298540e+03 8.906710e+03 5.331680e+03 2.549910e+03 3.053560e+03
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+1332496830125000 2.579440e+05 2.249230e+05 3.291140e+03 4.357090e+03 7.131590e+03 4.385560e+03 1.077050e+03 3.664040e+03
-1332496830.133333 2.550090e+05 2.230180e+05 4.584820e+03 2.864000e+03 8.469490e+03 3.625580e+03 9.855570e+02 3.504230e+03
+1332496830133333 2.550090e+05 2.230180e+05 4.584820e+03 2.864000e+03 8.469490e+03 3.625580e+03 9.855570e+02 3.504230e+03
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+1332496830141667 2.601140e+05 2.219470e+05 5.676190e+03 1.210340e+03 9.393780e+03 3.390240e+03 1.654020e+03 3.018700e+03
-1332496830.150000 2.642770e+05 2.244380e+05 4.446620e+03 2.176720e+03 8.142090e+03 4.584880e+03 2.327830e+03 2.615800e+03
+1332496830150000 2.642770e+05 2.244380e+05 4.446620e+03 2.176720e+03 8.142090e+03 4.584880e+03 2.327830e+03 2.615800e+03
-1332496830.158333 2.592210e+05 2.264710e+05 2.734440e+03 4.182760e+03 6.389550e+03 5.540520e+03 1.958880e+03 2.720120e+03
+1332496830158333 2.592210e+05 2.264710e+05 2.734440e+03 4.182760e+03 6.389550e+03 5.540520e+03 1.958880e+03 2.720120e+03
-1332496830.166667 2.526500e+05 2.248310e+05 4.163640e+03 2.989990e+03 7.179200e+03 5.213060e+03 1.929550e+03 3.457660e+03
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tests/data/extract-2

@@ -1,119 +1,119 @@
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tests/data/extract-3

@@ -1 +1 @@
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tests/data/extract-4

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
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tests/data/extract-7

@@ -1,124 +1,124 @@
 # path: /newton/prep
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+1332496830916667 2.545630e+05 2.247600e+05 5.168440e+03 4.020940e+03 8.450270e+03 4.758910e+03 1.458900e+03 2.286430e+03
-1332496830.925000 2.580590e+05 2.212170e+05 6.883460e+03 1.649530e+03 9.232780e+03 4.457650e+03 3.057820e+03 3.031950e+03
+1332496830925000 2.580590e+05 2.212170e+05 6.883460e+03 1.649530e+03 9.232780e+03 4.457650e+03 3.057820e+03 3.031950e+03
-1332496830.933333 2.646670e+05 2.211770e+05 6.218510e+03 1.645730e+03 8.657180e+03 3.663500e+03 2.528280e+03 3.978340e+03
+1332496830933333 2.646670e+05 2.211770e+05 6.218510e+03 1.645730e+03 8.657180e+03 3.663500e+03 2.528280e+03 3.978340e+03
-1332496830.941667 2.629250e+05 2.243820e+05 4.627500e+03 3.635930e+03 7.892800e+03 3.431320e+03 6.045090e+02 3.901370e+03
+1332496830941667 2.629250e+05 2.243820e+05 4.627500e+03 3.635930e+03 7.892800e+03 3.431320e+03 6.045090e+02 3.901370e+03
-1332496830.950000 2.547080e+05 2.254480e+05 4.408250e+03 4.461040e+03 8.197170e+03 3.953750e+03 -4.453460e+01 3.154870e+03
+1332496830950000 2.547080e+05 2.254480e+05 4.408250e+03 4.461040e+03 8.197170e+03 3.953750e+03 -4.453460e+01 3.154870e+03
-1332496830.958333 2.537020e+05 2.246350e+05 5.825770e+03 2.577050e+03 9.590050e+03 4.569250e+03 1.460270e+03 2.785170e+03
+1332496830958333 2.537020e+05 2.246350e+05 5.825770e+03 2.577050e+03 9.590050e+03 4.569250e+03 1.460270e+03 2.785170e+03
-1332496830.966667 2.602060e+05 2.241400e+05 5.387980e+03 1.951160e+03 8.789510e+03 5.131660e+03 2.706380e+03 2.972480e+03
+1332496830966667 2.602060e+05 2.241400e+05 5.387980e+03 1.951160e+03 8.789510e+03 5.131660e+03 2.706380e+03 2.972480e+03
-1332496830.975000 2.612400e+05 2.247370e+05 3.860810e+03 3.418310e+03 7.414530e+03 5.284520e+03 2.271380e+03 3.183150e+03
+1332496830975000 2.612400e+05 2.247370e+05 3.860810e+03 3.418310e+03 7.414530e+03 5.284520e+03 2.271380e+03 3.183150e+03
-1332496830.983333 2.561400e+05 2.232520e+05 3.850010e+03 3.957140e+03 7.262650e+03 4.964640e+03 1.499510e+03 3.453130e+03
+1332496830983333 2.561400e+05 2.232520e+05 3.850010e+03 3.957140e+03 7.262650e+03 4.964640e+03 1.499510e+03 3.453130e+03
-1332496830.991667 2.561160e+05 2.213490e+05 5.594480e+03 2.054400e+03 8.835130e+03 3.662010e+03 1.485510e+03 3.613010e+03
+1332496830991667 2.561160e+05 2.213490e+05 5.594480e+03 2.054400e+03 8.835130e+03 3.662010e+03 1.485510e+03 3.613010e+03

tests/data/extract-8

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# interval-start 1332496919900000
+1332496919900000 2.523050e+05 2.254020e+05 4.779410e+03 3.638030e+03 8.138070e+03 4.334460e+03 1.083780e+03 3.743730e+03
+1332496919908333 2.551190e+05 2.237870e+05 5.965640e+03 2.076350e+03 9.468790e+03 3.693880e+03 1.247860e+03 3.393680e+03
+1332496919916667 2.616370e+05 2.247980e+05 4.848970e+03 2.315620e+03 9.323300e+03 4.225460e+03 1.805780e+03 2.593050e+03
+1332496919925000 2.606460e+05 2.251300e+05 3.061360e+03 3.951840e+03 7.662910e+03 5.341410e+03 1.986520e+03 2.276780e+03
+1332496919933333 2.559710e+05 2.235030e+05 4.096030e+03 3.296970e+03 7.827080e+03 5.452120e+03 2.492520e+03 2.929450e+03
+1332496919941667 2.579260e+05 2.217080e+05 5.472320e+03 1.555700e+03 8.495760e+03 4.491140e+03 2.379780e+03 3.741710e+03
+1332496919950000 2.610180e+05 2.242350e+05 4.669770e+03 1.876190e+03 8.366680e+03 3.677510e+03 9.021690e+02 3.549040e+03
+1332496919958333 2.569150e+05 2.274650e+05 2.785070e+03 3.751930e+03 7.440320e+03 3.964860e+03 -3.227860e+02 2.460890e+03
+1332496919966667 2.509510e+05 2.262000e+05 3.772710e+03 3.131950e+03 8.159860e+03 4.539860e+03 7.375190e+02 2.126750e+03
+1332496919975000 2.556710e+05 2.223720e+05 5.826200e+03 8.715560e+02 9.120240e+03 4.545110e+03 2.804310e+03 2.721000e+03
+1332496919983333 2.649730e+05 2.214860e+05 5.839130e+03 4.659180e+02 8.628300e+03 3.934870e+03 2.972490e+03 3.773730e+03
+1332496919991667 2.652170e+05 2.233920e+05 3.718770e+03 2.834970e+03 7.209900e+03 3.460260e+03 1.324930e+03 4.075960e+03
+# interval-end 1332496919991668
+# interval-start 1332496920000000
+1332496920000000 2.564370e+05 2.244300e+05 4.011610e+03 3.475340e+03 7.495890e+03 3.388940e+03 2.613970e+02 3.731260e+03
+1332496920008333 2.539630e+05 2.241670e+05 5.621070e+03 1.548010e+03 9.165170e+03 3.522930e+03 1.058930e+03 2.996960e+03
+1332496920016667 2.585080e+05 2.249300e+05 6.011400e+03 8.188660e+02 9.039950e+03 4.482440e+03 2.490390e+03 2.679340e+03
+1332496920025000 2.596270e+05 2.260220e+05 4.474500e+03 2.423020e+03 7.414190e+03 5.071970e+03 2.439380e+03 2.962960e+03
+1332496920033333 2.551870e+05 2.246320e+05 4.738570e+03 3.398040e+03 7.395120e+03 4.726450e+03 1.839030e+03 3.393530e+03
+1332496920041667 2.571020e+05 2.216230e+05 6.144130e+03 1.441090e+03 8.756480e+03 3.495320e+03 1.869940e+03 3.752530e+03
+1332496920050000 2.636530e+05 2.217700e+05 6.221770e+03 7.389620e+02 9.547600e+03 2.666820e+03 1.462660e+03 3.332570e+03
+1332496920058333 2.636130e+05 2.252560e+05 4.477120e+03 2.437450e+03 8.510210e+03 3.855630e+03 9.594420e+02 2.387180e+03
+1332496920066667 2.553500e+05 2.262640e+05 4.283720e+03 3.923940e+03 7.912470e+03 5.466520e+03 1.284990e+03 2.093720e+03
+1332496920075000 2.527270e+05 2.246090e+05 5.851930e+03 2.491980e+03 8.540630e+03 5.623050e+03 2.339780e+03 3.007140e+03
+1332496920083333 2.584750e+05 2.235780e+05 5.924870e+03 1.394480e+03 8.779620e+03 4.544180e+03 2.132030e+03 3.849760e+03
+1332496920091667 2.615630e+05 2.246090e+05 4.336140e+03 2.455750e+03 8.055380e+03 3.469110e+03 6.278730e+02 3.664200e+03
+# interval-end 1332496920100000

tests/data/prep-20120323T1000

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# comments are cool?
+# comments are cool?  what if they contain →UNICODEâ†<C3A2> or invalid utf-8 like Ã(
 2.66568e+05  2.24029e+05  5.16140e+03  2.52517e+03  8.35084e+03  3.72470e+03  1.35534e+03  2.03900e+03  
 2.57914e+05  2.27183e+05  4.30368e+03  4.13080e+03  7.25535e+03  4.89047e+03  1.63859e+03  1.93496e+03  
 2.51717e+05  2.26047e+05  5.99445e+03  3.49363e+03  8.07250e+03  5.08267e+03  2.26917e+03  2.86231e+03  

tests/data/prep-20120323T1004-badtimes

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-1332497040.000000 2.56439e+05  2.24775e+05  2.92897e+03  4.66646e+03  7.58491e+03  3.57351e+03  -4.34171e+02  2.98819e+03  
+1332497040000000 2.56439e+05  2.24775e+05  2.92897e+03  4.66646e+03  7.58491e+03  3.57351e+03  -4.34171e+02  2.98819e+03  
-1332497040.010000 2.51903e+05  2.23202e+05  4.23696e+03  3.49363e+03  8.53493e+03  4.29416e+03  8.49573e+02  2.38189e+03  
+1332497040010000 2.51903e+05  2.23202e+05  4.23696e+03  3.49363e+03  8.53493e+03  4.29416e+03  8.49573e+02  2.38189e+03  
-1332497040.020000 2.57625e+05  2.20247e+05  5.47017e+03  1.35872e+03  9.18903e+03  4.56136e+03  2.65599e+03  2.60912e+03  
+1332497040020000 2.57625e+05  2.20247e+05  5.47017e+03  1.35872e+03  9.18903e+03  4.56136e+03  2.65599e+03  2.60912e+03  
-1332497040.030000 2.63375e+05  2.20706e+05  4.51842e+03  1.80758e+03  8.17208e+03  4.17463e+03  2.57884e+03  3.32848e+03  
+1332497040030000 2.63375e+05  2.20706e+05  4.51842e+03  1.80758e+03  8.17208e+03  4.17463e+03  2.57884e+03  3.32848e+03  
-1332497040.040000 2.59221e+05  2.22346e+05  2.98879e+03  3.66264e+03  6.87274e+03  3.94223e+03  1.25928e+03  3.51786e+03  
+1332497040040000 2.59221e+05  2.22346e+05  2.98879e+03  3.66264e+03  6.87274e+03  3.94223e+03  1.25928e+03  3.51786e+03  
-1332497040.050000 2.51918e+05  2.22281e+05  4.22677e+03  2.84764e+03  7.78323e+03  3.81659e+03  8.04944e+02  3.46314e+03  
+1332497040050000 2.51918e+05  2.22281e+05  4.22677e+03  2.84764e+03  7.78323e+03  3.81659e+03  8.04944e+02  3.46314e+03  
-1332497040.050000 2.54478e+05  2.21701e+05  5.61366e+03  1.02262e+03  9.26581e+03  3.50152e+03  1.29331e+03  3.07271e+03  
+1332497040050000 2.54478e+05  2.21701e+05  5.61366e+03  1.02262e+03  9.26581e+03  3.50152e+03  1.29331e+03  3.07271e+03  
-1332497040.060000 2.59568e+05  2.22945e+05  4.97190e+03  1.28250e+03  8.62081e+03  4.06316e+03  1.85717e+03  2.61990e+03  
+1332497040060000 2.59568e+05  2.22945e+05  4.97190e+03  1.28250e+03  8.62081e+03  4.06316e+03  1.85717e+03  2.61990e+03  
-1332497040.070000 2.57269e+05  2.23697e+05  3.60527e+03  3.05749e+03  7.22363e+03  4.90330e+03  1.93736e+03  2.35357e+03  
+1332497040070000 2.57269e+05  2.23697e+05  3.60527e+03  3.05749e+03  7.22363e+03  4.90330e+03  1.93736e+03  2.35357e+03  
-1332497040.080000 2.52274e+05  2.21438e+05  5.01228e+03  2.86309e+03  7.87115e+03  4.80448e+03  2.18291e+03  2.93397e+03  
+1332497040080000 2.52274e+05  2.21438e+05  5.01228e+03  2.86309e+03  7.87115e+03  4.80448e+03  2.18291e+03  2.93397e+03  
-1332497040.090000 2.56468e+05  2.19205e+05  6.29804e+03  8.09467e+02  9.12895e+03  3.52055e+03  2.16980e+03  3.88739e+03  
+1332497040090000 2.56468e+05  2.19205e+05  6.29804e+03  8.09467e+02  9.12895e+03  3.52055e+03  2.16980e+03  3.88739e+03  

tests/data/timestamped

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+-10000000000 2.61246e+05  2.22735e+05  4.60340e+03  2.58221e+03  8.42804e+03  3.41890e+03  9.57898e+02  4.00585e+03  
+-100000000 2.61246e+05  2.22735e+05  4.60340e+03  2.58221e+03  8.42804e+03  3.41890e+03  9.57898e+02  4.00585e+03  
+-100000 2.61246e+05  2.22735e+05  4.60340e+03  2.58221e+03  8.42804e+03  3.41890e+03  9.57898e+02  4.00585e+03  
+-1000 2.61246e+05  2.22735e+05  4.60340e+03  2.58221e+03  8.42804e+03  3.41890e+03  9.57898e+02  4.00585e+03  
+1 2.61246e+05  2.22735e+05  4.60340e+03  2.58221e+03  8.42804e+03  3.41890e+03  9.57898e+02  4.00585e+03  
+1000 2.61246e+05  2.22735e+05  4.60340e+03  2.58221e+03  8.42804e+03  3.41890e+03  9.57898e+02  4.00585e+03  
+1000000 2.61246e+05  2.22735e+05  4.60340e+03  2.58221e+03  8.42804e+03  3.41890e+03  9.57898e+02  4.00585e+03  
+1000000000 2.61246e+05  2.22735e+05  4.60340e+03  2.58221e+03  8.42804e+03  3.41890e+03  9.57898e+02  4.00585e+03  

tests/fsck-data/test1/data/git-empty-dir-placeholder

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+hi

tests/fsck-data/test1a/data/git-empty-dir-placeholder

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+hi

tests/fsck-data/test1c/data/git-empty-dir-placeholder

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+hi